Tag: Secularism

  • WHAT PERCENTAGE OF US ARE STUPID? (% kaç aptalız?)

    WHAT PERCENTAGE OF US ARE STUPID? (% kaç aptalız?)

    Turkey is a secular, democratic, social state founded by the Turkish Army under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. The ruling party, that is, the AKP, stands convicted by the highest court in Turkey of being the center of anti-secular activities, that is, undermining the secular state. Undermining the secular state established by Atatürk is a serious crime. Some would consider subverting the founding principles, that is, the constitution, treasonous. Surely the Turkish Army, an appropriate defender of the Atatürk legacy, would. But strange things are happening in the secular Republic of Turkey.

    The convicted anti-secular government, the AKP, has launched an enormous campaign to discredit the followers of Atatürk, of which there are millions, as well as the Turkish Army. Hundreds of people opposed to the policies of the anti-secular ruling party—journalists, writers, university professors, rectors, generals and other military officers—have been jailed under an extra-judicial scam called Ergenekon. In effect, anyone who is vocally opposed to this convicted-by-law anti-secular government, the AKP, is subject to imprisonment. Clearly, this anti-secular government intends to eliminate any and all political oppositon and to emasculate the Turkish Army. But their destructive plan is laughably transparent, replete with testimony of secret witnesses, forged documents, illegally wiretapped conversations, and severe human and judicial rights violations. It also stinks of foreign collusion and has all the earmarks of a typical CIA subversion scheme. (Read Legacy of Ashes by Tim Weiner and The Shock Doctrine by Naomi Klein for the grim details about the antics of the CIA.)

    It is also tragic. Many lives have been, and continue to be, destroyed by the trumped-up schemes of the convicted anti-secular ruling party. The latest fiasco entails a so-called leaked so-called 4-page plan allegedly prepared by a junior army officer, to both overthrow the anti-secular ruling party and destroy the Fethullar Gülen movement in Turkey. Four whole pages! Imagine an army plan so skimpy? I can’t. Neither can the army who has disavowed its involvement in the hoax. And rightly so. The so-called plan is a photocopy, has no provenance, and is widely considered a forgery. But the country is paralyzed by this nonsense. Running about like headless chickens, the TV pundits endlessly produce verbal gas on the subject. Really want to know where the 4-pager came from? The smart money says try Langley, Virginia or Feto’s CIA safe “estate” at 1857 Mt. Eaton Road in leafy Saylorsburg, Pennsylvania. Feto’s abode was featured in a gauzy Sunday supplement article this summer by Hurriyet entitled “Fethullah Gülen’in Amerika’daki evi”… roadmap included. May Allah bless the American taxpayers for this subversion.

    But who cares about these details? Much more important is the fact that secular Turks have the right to defend their secular constitution and their secular state from any power, foreign or domestic, that seeks to subvert same. The anti-secular ruling party has been convicted of doing that very thing by conducting anti-secular unconstitutional activities against the state. So why is not the anti-secular AKP to be resisted? To be called to order? To be charged? To be tried? To be banished?

    And why, for all these years, have Turks memorized Atatürk’s Speech to the Turkish Youth? Do they know? One wonders given their behavior. What a great shame, for Atatürk gave his people the right, indeed the duty, to save the Turkish Republic from “those who hold power of government within the country.” In his later Bursa speech on 5 February 1933, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk gave his own people the right to overthrow himself! Stupendous!

    Could it be any clearer? Why such reluctance to see the problem? And the solution. It’s so terribly simple, isn’t it? Why can’t we again boldly fill the streets with our outrage? Turkey has a legacy like no other country, that is, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Suddenly we ignore that and act like sheep. How many of us are so stupid?

    Aziz Nesin, a wise, funny Turk, once answered that question. He estimated that 60% of us Turks are stupid. Predictably a fire storm resulted. How dare he call us stupid! Fine him! Jail him! Ban him! Burn him!

    Nesin responded with an apology. I’m sorry, he wrote, I made a mistake—90% of the Turks are stupid! By today’s standards it seems a serious underestimate.

    Cem Ryan, Ph.D.

    İstanbul

  • LETTER TO PRESIDENT OBAMA: Turkey in an Arena of Trials

    LETTER TO PRESIDENT OBAMA: Turkey in an Arena of Trials

    20 January 2009

    The Honorable Barack H. Obama
    President of the United States
    The White House
    1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
    Washington, DC 20500 USA

     Dear Mr. President:

    I write this letter to you, Mr. President, with my highest and warmest regards, best wishes, and my hope for a better, more just world. I have fond memories of this particular day, 20 January, your day of inauguration as president. Forty-eight years ago—six months before you were born— I, along with my fellow West Point cadets, marched down Pennsylvania Avenue to salute the newly sworn president, John F. Kennedy. Next to graduating from West Point, it was the highlight of my life. January 20, 1961—it had snowed heavily the night before and the day dawned windy with arctic temperatures. It was perfect, a memory crystal buried deep. How young we were, so enthusiastic about confronting a dangerous world with our young president. But while euphoria is grand, it is also dangerous, Mr. President. It didn’t take long for reality to take hold. And so time goes. I have now lived in Istanbul, Turkey for nine years. Over these years a “reality” has set in regarding our beloved country, America. And so I write to you today, Mr. President, to warn you about conditions in Turkey. “The world,” wrote Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, “is an arena of trials.” And the Bush policy of making Turkey a “moderate Islamic republic” has been, and continues to be, an arena of disasters. Mr. President, time is of the essence to correct this. And you need to know more about Turkey to do so.

    Accordingly, I have enclosed two books: one a biography, Atatürk, by Andrew Mango, the other, a copy of The Great Speech by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (Nutuk in Turkish). The latter epic work flowed from the pen of Atatürk, a 36-hour speech delivered over six days in October 1927. Therein, he recounts the Turkish War of Independence and the founding of the Turkish Republic. It is an astounding document.

    I have tried to show, in these accounts, how a great people, whose national course was considered as finished, reconquered its independence; how it created a national and modern state founded on the latest results of science. The result we have today is the fruit of teachings which arose from centuries of suffering,and the price of streams of blood which have drenched every foot of the ground of our beloved homeland. This holy treasure I lay in the hands of the youth of Turkey. Turkish youth! Your primary duty is ever to preserve and defend the national independence of the Turkish Republic.” (Atatürk, The Great Speech, 715)

    By reading this book, Mr. President, you will immediately understand the enormous genius of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. You will see how the forces of religious fundamentalism didn’t magically vanish after Atatürk ended the sultanate and abolished the caliphate. Instead, they continued to subvert his revolutionary reforms from the very beginning. This is the nature of religious fundamentalism here in Turkey. It never stops. It is vital that you understand this, Mr. President. Turkey has always been a target for these dark-minded forces. And now these ignorant minds run the country. Reading the words of Mustafa Kemal will also help you marshal your own significant resources and talents, for you seem to be blessed with a capacious mind much like Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’s. Decisive, informed leadership is needed today by the president of the United States. These were defining characteristics of Atatürk, along with his great personal integrity. May you learn well from him, Mr. President, a man who fought a war against religious terrorists for his entire life.

    Now the democratic, secular, social state of the Republic of Turkey, governed under the rule of law, is under siege, both from without and within. I know this, Mr. President, I live here, and what I know is not sanitized by political niceties and outright propaganda. The undoing of this nation, created in Atatürk’s mind as a young army officer, has been long underway. But now the day is here. The black-minded ignorance of religious fundamentalism becomes more apparent every minute. Alcohol bans, women shoved under politically symbolic headscarves at the behest of duplicitous politicians, a compliant, subverted media. Here, so-called “liberals” work in compliance with outside forces (your CIA, for example, Mr. President). And the corruption of the religious ruling party is stunning and stinks to the high heavens from theft, rampant bribery, and election fraud. Currently, a scam called Ergenekon purges the left-wing opposition rivals (all adherents of the enlightened principles of Atatürk). To further contaminate his work, a smattering of outright criminals is added to the list of detainees. All this and more has brought democratic Turkey near its knees. And Mustafa Kemal Atatürk never knelt for anyone, ever. As a child he even refused to play leapfrog.

    European Union members, who never read him, wonder why so much fuss is made about Atatürk. Of similar traitorous stripe as the “entente liberals” of Atatürk’s day who conspired with the British occupiers for a mandate over Turkey, today’s “liberal” Turks (liboş) fall over themselves subverting secular Turkey and the principles of Atatürk, in the name of democracy. The ruling party works its religious agenda demeaning the integrity of women at every turn, debasing the liberation of women by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. And the United States of America, our country Mr. President, directly aids and abets these subversive forces. This is shameful.

    Mr. President, most Americans remain ignorant about Turkey and, amazingly, even more so about Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Without knowing this man one knows nothing about this country. The enclosed books are my attempt to prevent you learning about Turkey solely by reading sterile briefing books, self-serving CIA studies, State Department policy papers, memoranda from your national security advisors, and, most particularly, reports from the western press. Most of the Turkish press, and, in particular, the current Turkish government are similarly ever-willing purveyors of self-interested propaganda. Beware, Mr. President, for you will receive regurgitations of superficial, stale, and even incorrect information, like the Bushian nonsense that Turkey is a “moderate Islamic nation.” Via the headscarf issue—the “ocular proof” of piety for western consumption—this ill-conceived initiative, without any Koranic justification, has created a gigantic, violent, societal schism in Turkey. Mr. President, is America a moderate Christian nation? I mean, should Americans wear visible crucifixes? Please reconsider this nonsensical policy, Mr. President. (Again, read The Great Speech to see how religious subversions beset Atatürk at every turn.)

     “One will be able to imagine how necessary the carrying through of these measures was, in order to prove that our nation as a whole was no primitive nation, filled with superstitions and prejudices. Could a civilized nation tolerate a mass of people who let themselves be led by the nose by a herd of Şeyhs, Dedes,Seyyits, Çelebis, Babas, and Emirs, who entrusted their destiny and their lives to palm readers, magicians, dice-throwers and amulet sellers? Ought one to preserve in the Turkish State, in the Turkish Republic, elements and institutions such as those which had for centuries given the nation the appearance of being other than it really was?” (Atatürk, The Great Speech, 714)

     Mr. President, even worse than misinformation, you will be regaled with assertions and protestations that the current religious-rooted government is representative and similar to the majority of Turkish people. Mr. President, it is extremely dangerous for you, and for the United States, to be deceived in this manner. Indeed this must sound strange to you, Mr. President, but it is true. There is a great muffling happening in Turkey today. So I caution you, to become truly aware of the situation in Turkey, you must first meet Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in depth. You must come to enlightenment about Turkey on your own recognizance, Mr. President, and not rely on the misinformed, the flatterers, and the deceivers, of whom there are legion.

    While you may think you are different, Mr. President, be forewarned that, despite your access to the bright minds of the CIA, the State Department, and your White House staff, you will not get a true idea of the essence of Turkey, the nation. You may learn about this Turkish government, but that’s not learning about the Turkish nation. And you will certainly not learn anything from members of the present Turkish government about the nation’s soul.

    The essence of the modern Turkish soul reposes in the materials I have sent, in a word, Atatürk. His accomplishments—military, political, social, educational, creative—represent a quest for justice for the collective life of his people, and in no small regard, for the world. “Peace at home, peace in the world,” he famously said. He possessed, as I suspect you do as well, Mr. President, what Reinhold Niebuhr called the “sublime madness in the soul,” saved from excessiveness by unusually astute powers of reason. So armed, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk battled against the powers of darkness and spiritual corruption in high places. So armed, he rescued his people from the debris of the Ottoman Empire. Today, his thoughts and deeds define the existential principles of the Turkish nation. But, Mr. President, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk is now under attack from outside Turkey and within.

    Nevertheless, his principles still inspire tens of millions of proudly secular Turks who long for the truly democratic nation he established. Believe me Mr. President, the “secular elite” described by the disgracefully biased and ill-informed writings of Sabrina Tavernise of The New York Times as “an immensely powerful coterie of generals and judges” is nonsense. Millions of us—yes, Mr. President, I too am a citizen of Turkey—took to the streets in the spring of 2007 against the policies of the U.S.-backed Erdoğan government. And matters have become even more dire since. Mr. President, perhaps you don’t know what’s going on with this government.

    In the name of democracy, the ruling party, the AKP (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, Justice and Development Party) has made a shambles of Turkey’s founding principles. In the name of democracy there is vast bribing of the AKP electorate, predominantly poor and uneducated, with coal and appliances. Higher court deliberations on suits against the ruling party are regularly attacked by the ruling party, particularly by the prime minister, and literal targets (complete with crosshairs) are made of individual judges in the religious press.

    In the name of democracy and social justice and legal egalitarianism, an enormous purge of hundreds of alleged opponents of the ruling party is taking place in a “fishing expedition” called Ergenekon. A literal witch hunt, so-called suspect members of a military-coup conspiracy ring are held without benefit of writs of habeas corpus; they have been held in jail—some for over 18 months—without being charged and later prejudicially tried in jail. Writers, journalists, university presidents, labor union leaders, lawyers, retired army officers, leftists all, are caught up in this disgrace of a dragnet. (As mentioned earlier, some ordinary criminals are mixed in for pollution purposes.) Mr. President, I write to you on their behalf, the educated, western-thinking intelligentia, now imprisoned in a Turkish gulag called Silivri, the largest prison in Turkey, and in Europe. And that’s where they are tried! In the prison! So you, Mr. President, as an attorney, undoubtedly instantly understand the extremely prejudicial nature of this trumped-up case.

    Mass arrests typically happen immediately after the ruling party suffers a legal or corruption setback. For example, consider its trial in early 2008 where the AKP was found guilty of being the center of anti-secular activity in Turkey. A second roundup occurred as a result of a German charitable foundation called Deniz Feneri, “lighthouse” in English. Organized by Turks in both Germany and Turkey, Deniz Feneri stole 41 million euros from pious Turks in Germany and transferred 17 million of it to Turkey, some to media companies friendly to the ruling party. The AKP manager, Zahid Akman, of the Turkish government’s televison and radio system (RTÜK), was identified by the court as the bagman. He remains in his position, dutifully protecting the nation’s morals by blurring televised images of smoking and the consumption of alcohol. The German prosecutor stated that links of the Deniz Feneri embezzlement were traced to the office of the prime ministery.

    The movement of Turkey toward sharia continues. Vast areas of the nation have been made alcohol-free. Swimsuit advertisements are banned in Istanbul. The Atatürk Cultural Center, located in prime space in downtown Istanbul, has been closed. No details are given regarding its status. Consequently, the Istanbul symphony, opera, and ballet, all state sponsored, have been sent packing. They are rumored to perform occasionally, somewhere. So much for cultural enlightenment. Oddly enough, Istanbul has been selected to be the European Capital of Culture in 2010; this is known as political lip service.

    Mr. President, for too long a time America has attempted to efface the Turkish soul, to reshape this country, to include it in the American hegemony. All this subversion has been to, in effect, lobotomize the Turkish brain, ridding it of the noble thoughts of Atatürk, making it a congenial dolt, bowing and scraping to America’s wishes. Internally, this has been the primary responsibility of the ruling party. And it has done its job very well, almost bringing the once proud nation of Atatürk to its knees. Once, after a waiter dropped a heavily laden tray at a state dinner, Mustafa Kemal turned to his foreign guests and said, “As you can see I have taught my people to do everything but serve.” How ironic, how angering to the followers of Atatürk is the current servile, US-installed government. Consider this, Mr. President. Banned from running from office, without any legal credentials whatsoever, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan was welcomed to the White House by George W. Bush as de facto head of the Turkish government. How outrageous! No wonder Erdoğan, habitually a dour, scowling man, beamed broadly whenever he visited Bush. Do not be deceived Mr. President, this government neither serves you, nor the Turkish people. In the name of so-called democracy, it serves itself.

    It has long been at its destructive work, this imperialism. You know this personally, Mr. President. Why your very roots—one foot in Hawaii, the other in Kenya, your days of youth in Indonesia—all these highly personal experiences have surely informed your persona. Surely they speak to you of the same issue that so afflicts Turkey. Imperialism. Internal subversion. Corruption.

    When Mustafa Kemal Atatürk rescued Turkey from the ruins of the Ottoman six hundred year reign, he established a new way for the Turkish people to live their lives. It was the way of enlightenment, the western way. I hope that you can now begin to see how the west, for its own ill-reasoned self-interest, has encouraged the sabotaging of the enlightened principles of Atatürk. Most importantly, I hope that this whets your reading appetite to learn more about this incomparable man.

    Mr. President, I am confident that you will adopt your policies, both within America, and without, in the spirit of those stirring words you wrote in Dreams from My Father about a different kind of politics: “That politics will need to reflect our lives as they are actually lived.”

    The majority of Turkish people want the very same thing. And if the United States can get out of their way, they can have it.

    Sincerely yours,

    James (Cem) Ryan, Ph.D.

    Enclosures:
    Atatürk
    . Andrew Mango. John Murray Publishers, London, 2004.
    The Great Speech
    (Nutuk). Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Atatürk Research Center, Ankara, 2005

    Comments

    Sunday, February 1, 2009
    Erdogan Does Davos
    (1 comments) By his courageous stand ErdoGan has unified a badly divided nation. We shall soon see the degree to which he is an equally passionate advocate for human rights in his own country.

    Sunday, January 25, 2009
    Letter to President Obama: Turkey in an Arena of Trials
    I have now lived in Istanbul, Turkey for nine years. Over these years a “reality” has set in regarding our beloved country, America. I write to you today, Mr. President, to warn you about conditions in Turkey. “The world,” wrote Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, “is an arena of trials.” And the Bush policy of making Turkey a “moderate Islamic republic” has been an arena of disasters. Mr. President.

    Monday, January 12, 2009
    THE ISRAELI-AMERICAN KILLING MACHINE
    (3 comments) The tentacles of God’s bloody instruction have been embraced as a political policy by the ancient Israelites, the papacy in Rome, the new world colonizing countries, the early government of the United States, and the current governments of the United States and its favorite strategic partner-in-crime, Israel. It reaches back four thousand years. It has been a disgraceful, bloor-ridden legacy.

    Wednesday, December 24, 2008
    Forget Armenia, Turks Should Condemn American Indian Genocide
    (2 comments) It is high time that Turkey takes the offensive on the matter of genocide. In this day of widespread destruction, it is high time to remind America, Americans, and their government, that they are up to their ancestral elbows in the blood of the American Indians. The Turkish government must condemn the American Indian Genocide, or itself be condemned.

    Sunday, April 13, 2008
    Turkey!s “Undemocratic” Constitution
    The furor regarding the case accepted by Turkey’s highest court that could result in the banishment of the AKP ruling party makes me laugh out loud. Never forget that in the name of democracy, the institution that brought the Bush regime to power was none other than the Supreme Court of the United States. A judicial coup? Don’t make me laugh harder. No one said a word about that.

  • THESE OUTRAGES

    THESE OUTRAGES

    Behold Turkey! The land where the innocent go to jail and the criminals go to parliament. A land wracked by poverty and unemployment, a land whose young people seethe with hopelessness. A land ransacked, divided, destroyed by craven politicians who have pandered to American interests for generations. A nation represented by mannerless embarrassments boundless in their oblivion. Behold all this and weep. Then ask…
    WHY DO WE GENUINE OWNERS OF ATATÜRK’S NATION ACCEPT THESE OUTRAGES?   

    Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

    Cem Ryan, Ph.D. Istanbul, Turkey
  • Muslims more loyal to Britain than general public

    Muslims more loyal to Britain than general public

    By Ahmed J Versi

    Muslims in the UK, France and Germany feel more loyalty towards the country they live in than the general public, according to a Gallup poll published on May 7.

    The Gallup Coexist Survey charting the attitudes of Muslims and the wider public shows that religion and national identity are complementary rather than competing and dispels the myth that Muslims do not feel loyalty to their country.
    British Muslims identify with Britain far more than the general public and have more confidence in the country’s institutions.

    The survey found that 77% of British Muslims were loyal to Britain compared to only 36% of the general public. However, nearly half of the British public (49%) said British Muslims were not loyal to Britain.

    Contrary to the prevailing stereotype, more British Muslims (67%) prefer to live in mixed neighbourhoods than the British public (58%).

    British Muslims have more confidence in democratic institutions than the general public: judicial system (76% against 55%), financial institutions (62% against 56%), honesty of elections (83% against 57%) and national government (40% against 32%). However Muslims have less confidence in the military than the general public (52% against 86%).

    A larger proportion of the non-Muslim British public said attacks on civilian targets are justified compared to the British Muslim populace. The Executive Director of the Gallup Center for Muslim Studies, Dalia Mogahed, called for a renewed debate about the views of the majority of Muslims, suggesting the report had broken down many of the stereotypes about Muslim attitudes.

    On moral issues, Muslims are more conservative than the general public. 58% of British public view homosexuality as morally acceptable, whilst none of the British Muslims polled accepted this (0%). 35% of British public believe that viewing pornography is morally acceptable whilst only 1% of British Muslims accepted this.

    “What I found most surprising in the survey is the low level of thriving among British Muslims. They are less likely to be employed than other members of the British public. Thriving does correlate strongly with employment, income and physical health. This is the key issue where British Muslims are lagging behind, as well as with regards to their citizenship,” Executive Director of the Gallup Center for Muslim Studies, Dalia Mogahed, who was recently appointed to President Obama’s Advisory Council on Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships told The Muslim News.

    Source:  www.muslimnews.co.uk, Issue 241, Friday 29 May 2009

  • Patterns of Secularism Conference

    Patterns of Secularism Conference

    The University of Utah
    The Patterns of Secularism

    A workshop organized by the Middle East Center, the Department of Political Science, and the Religion and Culture Track of Comparative Literary & Cultural Studies at the University of Utah

    Friday June 12, 2009

    Panel I: 9:30 a.m. – 12:00 p.m.
    The Concept of Secularity and Secularization

    Bernard Weiss, (University of Utah)
    “Islam, Secularism and the Law.”

    Nader Hashemi, (University of Denver)
    “Islam, Secularism and Liberal Democracy.”

    Fred Quinn, (The University of Utah)
    “Overcoming the Impossibility of Dialogue, World Religions on a Collision
    Course.”

    Discussant: Mujeeb R. Khan (UC-Berkeley)

    Lunch: 12:00 p.m. – 1:30 p.m.

    Panel II: 1:30 p.m. – 3:00 p.m.
    Secularism in Turkey I

    Ali Yaman, (Izzet Baysal University-Turkey)
    “Turkey’s politics of religion and Alevis’ secularism dilemma”

    Ergun Yildirim,
    “The Imaginary Secularism: The Case of Turkey.”

    Masaki Kakizaki, (University of Utah)
    “Polarization of Civil Society in Turkey.”

    Tolga Koker, (Yale University)
    “The Establishment of Kemalist Secularism in Turkey”

    Discussant: Fred Quinn

    Panel III: 3:30 p.m. – 5:00 p.m.
    Secularism in Turkey II

    M. Hakan Yavuz, (University of Utah)
    “The Modes of Secularism.”

    Kemal Silay, (Indiana University)
    “Secular Foundations of Turkish Literature”

    Armand Sag, (Museum Turkije, Netherland)
    “Secularism among Turkish Groups in Holland.”

    Discussant: Tolga Koker

    Saturday June 13, 2009

    Panel IV: 9:30 a.m. – 12:00 p.m.
    Secularism and Foreign Policy

    Hasan T. Kosebalaban, (Lake Forest College)
    “Turkey’s EU Bid: the Shadow of Religion”

    Etga Ugur, (University of Utah)
    “The LDS Church and the Gulen Community”

    Umut Uzer, (University of Virginia)
    “Turkish Nationalism and Secularism”

    Discussant: Eric Hooglund

    Panel V: 1:30 p.m. – 3:30 p.m.
    Comparative Cases of Secularism: Iran, Algeria, Pakistan

    Eric Hooglund, Bates College (Maine, USA)

    Mujeeb R. Khan, (UC-Berkeley)
    “How Islamic Liberal Reform was Derailed: The Nexus Between
    Western Imperialism, Secular Authoritarianism, and Wahabism”

    Sener Akturk, (UC-Berkeley)
    “Nation-Building, Islam, and Resistance in Turkey, Pakistan and Algeria”

    Discussant: Bahman Baktiari, (University of Utah)

    Dinner: 7:00 p.m.
    The papers of this workshop will be edited by Nader A. Hashemi and M. Hakan Yavuz to be published by Middle East Critique (Routledge Journal).

    Shari Lindsey
    Events Coordinator, Middle East Center
    University of Utah
    260 S Central Campus Drive, Room 153
    Salt Lake City, Utah  84112
    (801) 585-9594 or 581-6181
    Fax (801)581-6183

  • Turkey’s top general offers new vision of military, democracy and secularism

    Turkey’s top general offers new vision of military, democracy and secularism

    Turkish General Ilker Basbug is offering a new take on the military’s support for pluralistic democracy.

    By Ayhan Simsek for Southeast European Times in Ankara — 16/04/09

    Turkish General Ilker Basbug at the War Academy in Istanbul on Tuesday (April 14th). [Getty Images]
    Turkish General Ilker Basbug at the War Academy in Istanbul on Tuesday (April 14th). Getty Images
    Chief of Staff General Ilker Basbug offered a new vision of the military’s role in Turkish society during a speech at Istanbul’s War Academy on Tuesday (April 14th). Addressing a largely academic audience, which included Turkey’s future military leaders, Basbug redefined secularism and rejected an ethnically based definition of Turkish citizenship.

    He also reaffirmed the military’s strong commitment to a “pluralistic” democracy and pledged to look into “civil-military relations, the fight against terrorism, democracy and secularism from an academic perspective”.

    Because the military views itself as the ultimate guardian of Turkey’s secular system, it has had an uneasy relationship with the Islamist-rooted ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP). Following the AKP’s electoral victory in 2002, the military’s rhetoric intensified. It opposed AKP candidate and current President Abdullah Gul’s nomination in 2007.

    However, its strident rhetoric proved counterproductive; the AKP made gains in the 2007 early elections.

    Complicating the military’s position is the ongoing Ergenekon probe, which has led police to detain nearly 200 suspects, including retired generals and active military, for allegedly plotting against the AKP government. Illegal wiretaps leaked to government-friendly media have added to the atmosphere of fear.

    Basbug’s remarks echo secularists’ concerns about the AKP’s increasing “authoritarian” tendencies after its 2007 electoral victory. They argue the Ergenekon case has turned into a tool for intimidating AKP opponents.

    To address these concerns, Basbug emphasised the importance of the separation of powers, the rule of law and an independent judiciary as pillars of pluralistic democracy. In past statements, generals unceasingly underlined the threat of fundamentalism and expressed determination to protect secularism at all costs.

    But Basbug said the military “has never been and will never be against religion”. He differentiated between devout Muslims and religion-centred groups who use Islam for their personal or political interests.

    “The thought that religion may become a tool to attain objectives is the greatest injury to be inflicted on religion itself,” Basbug said. He vowed the general staff would not fail, within the bounds of the law, to resist efforts to damage the military.

    Milliyet columnist Fikret Bila interpreted Basbug’s remarks as aiming to change perceptions of the military among devout Muslims. But they are also a warning to religion-centred interest groups.

    Basbug said such groups have orchestrated a media campaign to feed “prejudices” against the military. To counteract that alleged effort, it has loosened its accreditation rules. Present at the War Academy were journalists who previously could not gain accreditation.

    “This speech represents a paradigm shift in the Turkish General Staff. These openings are the first steps. It is better to support them with constructive criticism rather than simply looking down on them,” CNN Turk TV commentator Ali Saydam said.

    This content was commissioned for SETimes.com
    Source:  www.setimes.com, 16.04.2009