Tag: referendum

  • ANALYSIS / Victory in Turkey referendum makes Erdogan second only to Ataturk

    ANALYSIS / Victory in Turkey referendum makes Erdogan second only to Ataturk

    ERDOGAN51

    Tue, September 14, 2010 Tishrei 6, 5771

    This is the fourth time Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan has savored victory in a national ballot. Twice he won general elections, twice in referenda. He is a perennial ‘winner,’ even if we in Israel are largely united in our distaste for him.

    By Alon Liel

    This is the fourth time Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan has savored victory in a national ballot. Twice he won general elections, twice in referenda. He is a perennial “winner,” even if we in Israel are largely united in our distaste for him.

    Yesterday, voters overwhelmingly approved the referendum initiated by Erdogan’s Islamic-oriented Justice and Development Party. The constitutional measures passed give the government wide-ranging power to exert control over the military and judiciary, both traditional bulwarks of the country’s secularism.

    Turkey’s Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan speaks during a press conference at the international airport in Santiago, Monday May 31, 2010.
    Photo by: AP

    The referendum result is a triumph for Erdogan’s ideology. It’s hard to imagine the heads of Turkey’s army plotting another coup, given that the reforms now allow them to be tried in civilian court, or the country’s high court banning certain political parties as it has in the past.

    Erdogan can now look both forward and back with satisfaction. He has made his country richer, more stable and stronger in the international community, while simultaneously making it both more democratic and more devout.

    Should Erdogan prevail in the July 2011 election – a legitimate prospect after yesterday’s victory – he will become the longest-serving, and most influential, Turkish leader since Kemal Ataturk.

    The reforms passed yesterday overturn eight decades of government-touted secular ideology, instilling instead a new political creed that could rightfully be termed Erdoganism. And a leader doesn’t have an “ism” attached to his name simply by toeing his predecessors’ line.

    Many in Turkey and abroad view Turkey’s transformation – more religious, more eastward-looking – as cause for concern. But to the majority of Turks, the reforms have made the republic more democratic, more humane.

    Erdogan will remain hated by the Turkish secular elite, which is concentrated in the army, universities and business community. But he is beloved by Turkey’s poorer, devout periphery. The prime minister has straightened the backbone of the marginalized, and in return has received their undying loyalty.

    Fears that Erdogan will turn the country into an Iranian-style Islamic republic are unfounded. Support for the prime minister rests not only on ideology but also on modernization and the prosperity he has helped bring.

    We in Israel know Erdogan primarily for his hard-line Mideast policy, less so for his economic platform. But the prime minister’s every step is taken with fiscal growth in mind. Erdogan will abandon neither modernization nor democracy, the system allowing his government to stay in power.

    The prime minister must now meet one major objective to justify the “ism” that has been appended to his name: Create a Kurdish state, or at least recognize Turkey’s Kurds as a national minority.

    Erdogan is ripe for it, but his country is not. He needs one more term to complete his Kurdish mission. Should he win next July, that may be a real possibility.

  • Turkey Allows Bono Interfaith Meeting, While Refusing Crosses

    Turkey Allows Bono Interfaith Meeting, While Refusing Crosses

    Submitted by Armen Hareyan on 2010-09-11

    The Prime Minister of Turkey Recep Erdogan offered Bono to hold his interfaith event in Istanbul while refusing crosses on churches and operating number of sacred Christian places in the country as museums, including the Hagia Sofia temple in Istanbul.

    Well-known and famous Irish rock-band U2 frontrunner Bono was hosted in Istanbul yesterday, as part of their worldwide tour. Turkish Prime-Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan took the chance to offer the rock idоl holding an interfaith event in Istanbul as an effort, once again, to show-off the tolerance and European face of Turkey. The initial aim is to bring the three religions together – Islam, Christianity and Judaism. If in the official rhetoric the ruling elite of Turkey is always ready to mislead the public opinion, the real deeds are somewhat showing the true reality. And the reality these days is the whole story around the Armenian issue.
    It may seem for an average European that religious freedom issues are high in the agenda of Turkey, amid even the upcoming constitutional referendum on September 12. Recently a Greek church in a Turkish province has been opened up for a one-day-a-year liturgy. The same is on the agenda with Armenians – as the Akhtamar Church of the Holy Cross (Surp Hach – in Arm.) is scheduled to host a liturgy on September 19.

    Turkey repoens 10th century Armenian church as a museum, allows worship only once a year.

    The Holy Cross church – a 1,100-year-old standing monument of Armenian heritage in those lands sacred with Armenian blood during the Genocide years, was re-opened as a museum in 2007 – as a message to the Armenians and the international community that Turkey had heartfelt sentiments towards its Armenian minority, and is ready to continue behind-the-scene talks on normalization with Yerevan. However, the church was then opened as a museum since the incumbent government refused to install a cross on the dome, and the Armenian Patriarchate of Istanbul has not been able to consecrate it as a church up to now. One more controversy comes into mind as the church still remains under the authorities of Van province and not the Patriarchate – as other religious monuments.

    Nowadays a new show-like developments happening in Turkey with regards to the upcoming liturgy in the church. Last week the government announced that they were not able to install the cross, despite earlier assurances of the opposite. Immediately, the Holy See of Echmiadzin suspended its earlier decision to send two high-level churchmen to the event. Before the distressing news came from Turkey, the attending/ignoring debate in Armenia and elsewhere in Armenian Diaspora hit the ceiling with both pro and cons sentiments and statements. One of the prominent Diaspora public figures said that the event is scheduled “to exploit this event for propaganda purposes”.

    Despite all the criticism towards Erdogan, he continues to feed the show. Even considering the obvious failure of the much-spoken and widely advertised democratic initiative and the Kurdish opening, AKP government doesn’t want to acknowledge that half-steps are good only for short-time show-offs, but evidently not sufficient for securing long-term and sustainable achievements. For instance, the Kurdish opening, that was largely supported by the international community now turned out to another wave of repressions and mass arrests of Kurds in Eastern provinces of Turkey.

    Whatever it is – but the Turkish “show must go on”. The government uses all the available chances to speak up and voice their readiness of phony tolerance. No chance is to be missed. The only issue is that international community, and Armenians worldwide, were very timely to acknowledge these false and misleading half-steps. Now Armenians returning their earlier purchased tickets to Turkey, as the RFE/RL reported last week. The much-anticipated 5000-ish tourist-boom and a much more follow-up in eastern provinces of modern Turkey is now questioned. The trade union of Van voiced their readiness to help improving the situation, but Armenians are rightfully firm on their initial will of having the cross on top the church.

    After all, the next morning of September 19, we will have an unchanged Turkey that is accused by the international community – Russian, Europeans and Americans – for destroying the Armenian-Turkish rapprochement and other openings that were the key-arguments of Gul/Erdogan/Davudoglu triplet. Unfortunately, another chance is now being missed.

    Written by Hovhannes Nikoghosyan
    Mr. Nikoghosyan is a research fellow at Yerevan-based Public Policy Institute.

  • Turkey Wants to Put an End to Dogfights with Greece

    Turkey Wants to Put an End to Dogfights with Greece

    ADAn improving dialogue between Turkey and Greece seeks to minimize potential risks over the Aegean by grounding the so-called dog-fighting between the two countries’ militaries and further promoting areas of common interest, the Turkish foreign minister said Friday.

    “We have differing positions with Greece on certain subjects but the way to overcome them is with dialogue. If the dialogue is not enough, then more dialogue. There is no other alternative,” Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoglu told a small group of journalists in the Central Anatolian province of Konya, where he attended a rally ahead of the Sept. 12 constitutional referendum.

    “Just as the difference in opinions between Turkey and Greece over the Aegean and other areas, we also have areas of common interest. To expand common interests and to minimize differences – this is the objective of our explorative talks,” said Davutoglu.

    The 46th round of exploratory talks between the Turkish and Greek foreign ministries’ diplomats took place in Athens on Friday.

    The foreign minister said the talks focused on overcoming differences over a wide range of issues, including the Aegean disputes, through confidence-building measures that resumed after the Papandreou government took office in Athens after a long break. He said the resumption of talks was complementary to efforts to establish a high-level strategic cooperation council between Turkey and Greece and increase bilateral political consultations.

    Davutoglu said he would visit Greece in the fall, which follows a recent trip to Turkey by Greece’s Alternate Foreign Minister Dimitris Droutsas.

    “Right now there is an optimistic process ahead of us that continues on the basis of bona fide and mutual trust,” Davutoglu said.

    Two Greek F-16 aircrafts crashed Thursday during a dog-fight exercise, a military practice aimed at training Greek jets against interceptions with Turkey over the Aegean. One Greek pilot reportedly died during the exercise.

    Asked if exploratory talks would bring a halt to dogfights over the Aegean, Davutoglu said: “That is our objective. Why are those talks being held? Not just for the sake of meeting but to minimize risks over the Aegean and expand common interest areas. I hope any negativity can be overcome based on good neighborly relations.”

    No unilateral Cyprus step

    Another common problem between Turkey and Greece is the decades-old Cyprus dispute. Davutoglu said if Greek Cypriots had voted “yes” for a U.N. blueprint for reunification with the Turks of the island during a 2004 referendum, no Turkish troops would remain on the island now except for a symbolic number of soldiers.

    “No unilateral step should be expected from the Turkish side unless commitments are fulfilled,” he said. “Turkey has taken many progressive steps in the past, but unfortunately neither the European Union nor international actors fairly reciprocated those steps.”

    Davutoglu said the Turkish Cypriot presidency, led by hardliner Dervis Eroglu, was proceeding on negotiations with Greek Cypriots, contrary to what was expected from the new president after the presidential elections in the north in May. The foreign minister also heralded Eroglu’s plan to hold talks in New York in the coming period.

    Referring to U.N. special envoy Alexander Downer’s report, set to be released in November, Davutoglu said, “It is important that Downer set a deadline for November, otherwise negotiations [between the Cypriot leaders] will go on for decades.”

    Meeting with Armenian FM

    Commenting on relations with Armenia, Davutoğlu did not rule out talks with his Armenian counterpart, Edward Nalbandian, on the sidelines of the annual U.N. General Assembly meetings next month.

    “Nothing has been planned yet; there will be plenty of bilateral talks with foreign ministers from other countries,” said Davutoglu. “We have already met with Mr. Nalbandian on a number of occasions. Another meeting may take place in New York, contacts will continue.”

    Two conditions still in place in Israel dispute

    Davutoglu, touching upon the crisis in relations with once-regional-ally Israel due to the deadly raid on a Gaza-bound aid flotilla, said five out of the seven conditions for the restoration of bilateral relations with Tel Aviv have been fulfilled.

    He elaborated that the three ships were handed over to Turkey; passengers aboard the ships were released; passengers were not tried; the aid to the Gaza Strip, controlled by Hamas, reached its destination; and two separate international commissions were established.

    “Five conditions have been met. We are now waiting for the other two conditions to be fulfilled,” said Davutoglu, referring to the government’s earlier demands for Israel to apologize and compensate the victims.

    He said the two remaining demands were not only coming from Turkey, but also from the international community, citing a U.N. Security Council presidency statement in the wake of the May 31 flotilla incident that left nine people dead.

    Davutoglu also said Turkey was very closely following the ongoing investigations of two U.N. commissions; one in Geneva established by the U.N. Human Rights Council and another in New York set up upon recommendation from Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon.

    “We are seriously contributing to both commissions. We need to see the results of the inquiries,” the minister said. “Turkish-Israeli relations should be evaluated in the context of all these developments.”

    , 28 August 2010

    An improving dialogue between Turkey and Greece seeks to minimize potential risks over the Aegean by grounding the so-called dog-fighting between the two countries’ militaries and further promoting areas of common interest, the Turkish foreign minister said Friday.

    “We have differing positions with Greece on certain subjects but the way to overcome them is with dialogue. If the dialogue is not enough, then more dialogue. There is no other alternative,” Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoglu told a small group of journalists in the Central Anatolian province of Konya, where he attended a rally ahead of the Sept. 12 constitutional referendum.

    “Just as the difference in opinions between Turkey and Greece over the Aegean and other areas, we also have areas of common interest. To expand common interests and to minimize differences – this is the objective of our explorative talks,” said Davutoglu.

    The 46th round of exploratory talks between the Turkish and Greek foreign ministries’ diplomats took place in Athens on Friday.

    The foreign minister said the talks focused on overcoming differences over a wide range of issues, including the Aegean disputes, through confidence-building measures that resumed after the Papandreou government took office in Athens after a long break. He said the resumption of talks was complementary to efforts to establish a high-level strategic cooperation council between Turkey and Greece and increase bilateral political consultations.

    Davutoglu said he would visit Greece in the fall, which follows a recent trip to Turkey by Greece’s Alternate Foreign Minister Dimitris Droutsas.

    “Right now there is an optimistic process ahead of us that continues on the basis of bona fide and mutual trust,” Davutoglu said.

    Two Greek F-16 aircrafts crashed Thursday during a dog-fight exercise, a military practice aimed at training Greek jets against interceptions with Turkey over the Aegean. One Greek pilot reportedly died during the exercise.

    Asked if exploratory talks would bring a halt to dogfights over the Aegean, Davutoglu said: “That is our objective. Why are those talks being held? Not just for the sake of meeting but to minimize risks over the Aegean and expand common interest areas. I hope any negativity can be overcome based on good neighborly relations.”

    No unilateral Cyprus step

    Another common problem between Turkey and Greece is the decades-old Cyprus dispute. Davutoglu said if Greek Cypriots had voted “yes” for a U.N. blueprint for reunification with the Turks of the island during a 2004 referendum, no Turkish troops would remain on the island now except for a symbolic number of soldiers.

    “No unilateral step should be expected from the Turkish side unless commitments are fulfilled,” he said. “Turkey has taken many progressive steps in the past, but unfortunately neither the European Union nor international actors fairly reciprocated those steps.”

    Davutoglu said the Turkish Cypriot presidency, led by hardliner Dervis Eroglu, was proceeding on negotiations with Greek Cypriots, contrary to what was expected from the new president after the presidential elections in the north in May. The foreign minister also heralded Eroglu’s plan to hold talks in New York in the coming period.

    Referring to U.N. special envoy Alexander Downer’s report, set to be released in November, Davutoglu said, “It is important that Downer set a deadline for November, otherwise negotiations [between the Cypriot leaders] will go on for decades.”

    Meeting with Armenian FM

    Commenting on relations with Armenia, Davutoğlu did not rule out talks with his Armenian counterpart, Edward Nalbandian, on the sidelines of the annual U.N. General Assembly meetings next month.

    “Nothing has been planned yet; there will be plenty of bilateral talks with foreign ministers from other countries,” said Davutoglu. “We have already met with Mr. Nalbandian on a number of occasions. Another meeting may take place in New York, contacts will continue.”

    Two conditions still in place in Israel dispute

    Davutoglu, touching upon the crisis in relations with once-regional-ally Israel due to the deadly raid on a Gaza-bound aid flotilla, said five out of the seven conditions for the restoration of bilateral relations with Tel Aviv have been fulfilled.

    He elaborated that the three ships were handed over to Turkey; passengers aboard the ships were released; passengers were not tried; the aid to the Gaza Strip, controlled by Hamas, reached its destination; and two separate international commissions were established.

    “Five conditions have been met. We are now waiting for the other two conditions to be fulfilled,” said Davutoglu, referring to the government’s earlier demands for Israel to apologize and compensate the victims.

    He said the two remaining demands were not only coming from Turkey, but also from the international community, citing a U.N. Security Council presidency statement in the wake of the May 31 flotilla incident that left nine people dead.

    Davutoglu also said Turkey was very closely following the ongoing investigations of two U.N. commissions; one in Geneva established by the U.N. Human Rights Council and another in New York set up upon recommendation from Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon.

    “We are seriously contributing to both commissions. We need to see the results of the inquiries,” the minister said. “Turkish-Israeli relations should be evaluated in the context of all these developments.”

    By Fulya Ozerkan (HDN)

  • Constitutional Court’s Partial Endorsement of Reform Package Divides Turkish Politics

    Constitutional Court’s Partial Endorsement of Reform Package Divides Turkish Politics

    Constitutional Court’s Partial Endorsement of Reform Package Divides Turkish Politics

    Publication: Eurasia Daily Monitor Volume: 7 Issue: 134, July 13, 2010

    By Saban Kardas

    The Turkish Constitutional Court issued another controversial ruling on June 8, sparking a heated debate. Since the constitutional reform package initiated by the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) failed to receive the necessary votes in parliament, it was submitted to a referendum, scheduled for September 12. The reform package introduces changes to the elections law, composition of higher courts, as well as allowing for the prosecution of past coup perpetrators and expanding various freedoms (EDM, May 5). However, a plea was brought to the court, asking for the annulment of the reform package on the grounds that it violated certain principles of the constitution. Although the court partially annulled some sections, it endorsed the overall package, clearing the way for the referendum.

    A major line of discussion concerns the repercussions of the ruling on Turkey’s state structure, in particular the separation of powers. According to the constitutional review system set by the 1982 constitution, prepared by the military regime at the time, the constitutional court is authorized to review parliamentary decisions only from a procedural point of view. Critics argue that by taking up this case on substantial grounds, the court exceeded its jurisdiction and curtailed parliament’s legislative powers. This debate is a reincarnation of the discussions in 2008, when the court overruled changes to the Turkish constitution, which would have ended the ban on the headscarf on university campuses. In contrast, those defending the court’s interpretation of its review powers in an expanding manner, argue that such judicial activism is necessary to ensure the survival of Turkey’s secular regime. In their view, by curbing the legislative autonomy of parliament on the basis of the “unchangeable articles of the Constitution,” the court is able to keep a lid on the excesses of the government; hence, preserving the secular characteristic of the current regime.

    Some AKP members questioned the legitimacy of the court’s ruling, arguing that it overstepped its authority. Prime Minister, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, however, refrained from adopting such a position, and instead maintained that they were content with the ruling, because the final package that will be put before the Turkish public met their expectations (www.ntvmsnbc.com, July 10).

    While Erdogan also vowed that they would start a campaign to mobilize the Turkish public behind the reform package, the opposition parties, announced that they would start counter campaigns against it. As the referendum approaches, only minor rightist parties declared that they would favor the proposed changes. Major opposition parties have declined to support the AKP’s drive for constitutional reform. A shared concern among the opposition is that through such reforms, especially efforts to change the composition of higher courts, the AKP once again demonstrated that it is not interested in genuine democratization. Rather, it is seeking to deepen its grip over the state institutions, and creating a type of civilian despotism. Beyond that, each opposition party has its own specific objections.

    The main opposition, secularist Republican People’s Party (CHP), has argued that the AKP is intent on undermining the fundamental principles: consequently, its agenda should be objected to at any cost. It was, in fact, the CHP that pleaded to the constitutional court for the annulment of the reforms. Since the CHP appealed to the court with similar controversial requests in the past, the AKP criticizes it for conducting politics in court rooms, and avoiding the ballot box. Although the court removed some of the controversial provisions from the current package, the CHP is not fully satisfied with the ruling, and will campaign against the package in the referendum. The CHP has recently elected a new leader, Kemal Kilicdaroglu, who gained popularity after his stern criticism of the AKP’s social and economic policies and publicizing corruption accusations against the AKP. Kilicdaroglu’s calls for an ethical policy have reenergized the CHP’s standing in Turkish politics, as anti-AKP voters increasingly turn to him as their new hope. The CHP, thus, sees the referendum as an opportunity to deal a blow to the AKP, and maintain the momentum generated by Kilicdaroglu’s election (www.cnnturk.com, July 10).

    The Nationalist Action Party (MHP) has been pursuing knee-jerk opposition to the AKP’s policies. As part of its policy of non-cooperation with the AKP, the MHP has opposed the reform package from the outset, saying that those policies will deepen social fragmentation. Nonetheless, the MHP expressed dissatisfaction with the court’s decision to review the reforms on substantial grounds. The MHP, in contrast, has suggested that Turkish people should be allowed to decide on the fate of the package, and it will ask its supporters to vote “no” (Anadolu Ajansi, July 10).

    Many observers expect Kurdish voters to support the reform package, but the pro-Kurdish Peace and Democracy Party (BDP) would ask its supporters to boycott the referendum (Zaman, July 11). Overall, the BDP is critical of the political system and it has asserted that Turkey’s democratization depends upon rewriting the entire constitution on a civilian and pluralist platform. For the BDP, the partial amendments cannot eliminate the authoritarian legacy of the 1982 constitution and serve only the AKP’s own interests. Nonetheless, during the debates in parliament, the BDP first claimed that it would follow a constructive approach. It sought to negotiate with the AKP to include certain changes into the package, such as lowering the election threshold and changes to anti-terrorism laws (www.cnnturk.com, March 23). Faced with the AKP’s inflexibility over those demands, the BDP has expressed its opposition, and will now boycott the referendum.

    Increasingly, the referendum over the constitutional amendment is turning into a mini-election, ahead of the parliamentary elections scheduled for next year. The AKP has hoped to reenergize its grassroots support through the constitutional reform package, when it was coming under pressure for failing to maintain its reformist spirit. Now, it finds itself in a situation of having mobilized a counter coalition, whose only common denominator is the opposition to the AKP. Already troubled by other domestic issues, the AKP will have a difficult time mobilizing a winning coalition in the referendum, yet its success may also help it ensure victory in parliamentary elections next year.

    https://jamestown.org/program/constitutional-courts-partial-endorsement-of-reform-package-divides-turkish-politics/