Tag: Orthodox Christians

  • Turkey: Is Orthodox Denomination Connected to Coup Case?

    Turkey: Is Orthodox Denomination Connected to Coup Case?

    The priest’s voice echoed off the crumbling plasterwork of the sanctuary, as only two worshippers took part in a recent Sunday service in Istanbul’s Meryem Ana Church. The low turnout is typical these days. The Turkish Orthodox Church is possibly the country’s smallest Christian denomination, and certainly its most controversial.

    Turkish prosecutors allege the church, which traces its roots to the upheaval surrounding the founding of the Turkish republic, is connected to an ultra-nationalist movement, known as Ergenekon, which reportedly plotted to overthrow the government of Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.

    Church spokesperson Sevgi Erenerol, sister of the current patriarch, has been imprisoned since 2008 on charges that include establishing and directing an armed terrorist organization as part of the supposed Ergenekon conspiracy. A host of ultra-nationalist groups established in 2004 and 2005 had “the same” founders, and “they were all gathering at the Turkish Orthodox Patriarchate,” claimed Orhan Kemal Cengiz, a human rights lawyer.

    Meanwhile, Vural Ergül, a lawyer for Erenerol, calls the government’s case “fake and imaginary.” Ergül acknowledged the church’s links to prominent ultra-nationalists, including Ergenekon co-defendant Veli Küçük, who has been linked to the 2007 murder of three Christian missionaries in the eastern town of Malatya, but maintained that both his client and the Turkish Orthodox Church are victims of government persecution.

    “Members of the church are scared and anxious,” Ergül said. “It is impossible not to see … [Prime Minister Erdoğan’s] intolerance against the church.”

    Beyond the possible Ergenekon connection, Cengiz, the rights lawyer who has worked extensively with Turkey’s non-Muslim minorities, contends that Turkish Orthodox Church members have routinely harassed members of other Christian denominations in Turkey. “It [the Turkish Orthodox Church] has a central role that has not been addressed adequately by the prosecutors,” Cengiz said.

    How and why did a tiny Christian church gain a reputation for being antagonistic toward fellow Christians? The answer lies in its origins.

    The Turkish Orthodox Church’s founder, Pavlos Karahisarithis was a Turkish-speaking, Greek Orthodox priest, who, in 1922, at the end of the Greco-Turkish War, broke with the pro-Greece Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, the supreme Orthodox patriarchate, and allied himself with victorious Turkish nationalists led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.

    Atatürk took a personal interest in the Turkish Orthodox Church, and expressed his support. Karahisarithis, meanwhile, took the title Papa (“Pope” in Turkish) Eftim, and later changed his last name to the Turkish family name of Erenerol. “Atatürk may have had a pronounced secular view of the world, but he was going against a great trend in history in which religion marked you out as part of a particular group,” commented Anthony O’Mahony, director of the Centre for Eastern Christianity at the University of London’s Heythrop College.

    But once Turkey’s 1924 population exchange with Greece took place, Eftim’s potential followers dwindled. The Turkish Orthodox Church’s “raison d’être disappeared” with the 1.2 million Christians who left Anatolia as part of the exchange, said O’Mahony. “History has left it behind.”

    Other Orthodox patriarchates never recognized the church. Atatürk, however, did not forget it. Papa Eftim and his family were exempt from the population exchange and moved to Istanbul, where they were given the Meryem Ana Church, which the government expropriated from the Ecumenical Patriarchate. “It [the Turkish church] was conceived as a replacement for the Ecumenical Patriarch and the real Orthodox Church, and as a kind of proxy completely at the service of the state,” elaborated Cengiz Aktar, a political scientist at Istanbul’s Bahçeşehir University.

    Over the ensuing decades, Eftim chastised Turkey’s other Christian minorities, twice occupying the Ecumenical Patriarchate building in Istanbul, and taking over two churches in the Turkish Orthodox Church’s neighborhood during the 1955 and 1956 anti-Greek riots. (Today, the Ecumenical Patriarchate is contesting those property seizures).

    Together with his sons, Turgut and Selcuk, who, in turn, succeeded him as patriarch, Eftim continually railed against Christian groups, claiming that they were agents of foreign powers.

    His grandson, the current patriarch Papa Eftim IV, has largely shunned publicity. Until her arrest, however, his granddaughter, Sevgi, continued to rally feelings against other Christian groups.

    At a 2006 security conference hosted by the military, she described missionaries as “a pawn in political chess” whose “only goal is to invade this land.” She was also involved in harassment of the late Turkish-Armenian newspaper editor Hrant Dink, throwing coins and pencils at his lawyers during a court appearance. Dink was shot dead in a 2007 killing linked to Turkey’s ultra-nationalist movement.

    “Sevgi Erenerol was one of the most prominent people waging a war against non-Muslims in Turkey,” commented Cengiz, who claimed that the number of attacks and threats against non-Muslims has decreased since Erenerol’s arrest and those of other prominent Ergenekon suspects.

    “Although they themselves are supposed to be a minority, they hated other minorities, particularly Armenians,” added Aktar.

    Prosecutors are expected to rest their case against Erenerol this month. Ceremonies at the Meryem Ana Church continue uninterrupted, although its future has never been more uncertain. “The number of members … is declining with each passing day,” said Ergül, the lawyer.

    Meanwhile for the Erenerol family, which makes up the bulk of the church’s congregation, the charges in no way diminish their belief in the justness of their cause. “As long as we have belief in God,” said Sevgi Erenerol’s 84-year-old mother Claudia, one of the two worshippers at the recent service, “our problems will seem insignificant.”

    Editor’s note:

    Alexander Christie-Miller is a freelance reporter based in Istanbul.

  • Turkey’s Ugly Trap for Assyrians

    Turkey’s Ugly Trap for Assyrians

    Stockholm (AINA) — Turkey’s permission to allow the Syrian Orthodox community to build a church in Istanbul after 90 years of the republican period did make a great splash in the Turkish press recently. At first glance, this decision is seen as a positive signal by everyone. But upon closer inspection the matter looks quite ugly and filled with mischief.

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    For many years, Orthodox Assyrians (Turkish Süryani Kadim) living in Istanbul were using other Christian communities’ churches to hold their holy sermons. The only existing church in Tarlabasi could understandably not accommodate the need of 17,000 people living in the city. In recent years the Assyrians asked the authorities to assign them a vacant lot to build a church in order to service the parishioners.

    Turkish authorities finally offered a lot of land to the administration of the Syrian Orthodox Church in Istanbul. However, it became clear that this land was seized by the government from the Latin Catholic church in 1950 and is an old cemetery. The Latin Catholic church is in a legal battle with the government to acquire its land.

    The injustice done in 1950 to the Latin Catholic church is repeated again today against the Monastery of St. Gabriel (full coverage) in Tur Abdin, in southeasten of Turkey. Obviously, the high institutions of the Turkish state, regardless of domestic laws and signed international treaties, do not hesitate to confiscate minority properties based on political expediency.

    The Turkish authorities are trying to offer the usurped cemetery of the Latin Catholic church to the Assyrians in Istanbul as if it is state property. While the administration of the Syrian Orthodox church expressed some reservation about this ugly game of the government, Assyrian intellectuals in Istanbul and Europe voiced strong criticism.

    Sait Susin, the chairman of the Syrian Orthodox Foundation in Istanbul, stated in a recent interview with ACSA TV that the Latin Catholics are aware of the land issue and that everything will be done with their consent. However Nail Karatas, the Latin Catholic Church’s lawyer, in a follow up ACSA TV interview disagreed with Sait Susin. Karatas said that they are against a transfer of the stolen cemetery lot to the Syrian Orthodox Church or to someone else and indicated that the case will be handed to the judiciary.

    Intellectuals within the community accuse the administration of the Syrian Orthodox Church in Istanbul of demonstrating an unethical approach to the subject, inconsistent with the righteous cause of St. Gabriel, and would ultimately hurt it.

    It remains to be seen how this action of the Turkish Republic, which brings the Latin Catholic Church in opposition to the Syrian Orthodox Church, will play out.

    By Dikran Ego

    Dikran Ego is freelance Journalist living in Sweden; he regularly writes on Assyrian matters and is a frequent guest commentator of ACSA TV.

    Translated from Turkish by AINA.

    via Turkey’s Ugly Trap for Assyrians.

  • Orthodox Believers Celebrate Epiphany 2013 With Icy Dip Seeking Crucifix

    SOFIA, Bulgaria — Thousands of young men leapt into icy rivers and lakes across eastern Europe on Sunday to retrieve crucifixes cast by priests in ceremonies commemorating the baptism of Jesus Christ.

    By tradition, a wooden cross is cast into the water and it is believed that the person who retrieves it will be freed from evil spirits.

    In the central Bulgarian city of Kalofer, 350 men in traditional dress waded into the icy Tundzha River with national flags. Led by the town’s mayor and encouraged by a folk orchestra and homemade plum brandy, they danced and stomped in the rocky riverbed.

    In the Romanian Black Sea port of Constanta, some 3,000 Orthodox believers turned out to watch priests hurl three crosses into the icy sea. Dozens_ some wearing diving suits_ dived into the waters to retrieve the crosses.

    “We the people are so like the sea,” said Romanian Orthodox Archbishop Teodosie Tomitanul. `’We hope that, as the sea has been calm until now this year, our souls will be just as calm.”

    Some Orthodox Christian churches, including those in Russia, Egypt, Syria and Lebanon, follow a different calendar, and Sunday was Christmas Eve, with Epiphany on Jan. 19.

    via Orthodox Believers Celebrate Epiphany 2013 With Icy Dip Seeking Crucifix (PHOTOS).

  • Turkey Urged To Allow Greater Religious Freedom

    Turkey Urged To Allow Greater Religious Freedom

    Ankara, Turkey – The spiritual leader of the world’s Orthodox Christians said Monday that Turkey’s new constitution should grant equal rights to minorities in the country and safeguard religious freedoms.

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    Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I met with members of a parliamentary subcommittee seeking an all-party consensus in drawing up a new constitution, which will replace the one ratified in 1982 while Turkey was under military rule. The subcommittee is meeting with non-governmental organizations and representatives of minority groups for input on the drafting of the new laws.

    Mostly Muslim Turkey, which is seeking to join the European Union, has small Christian and Jewish communities. The EU has made improved rights for the religious groups a condition for membership.

    Turkey’s existing constitution guarantees religious freedom, but when it comes to minority religions the country has long been criticized for restricting the training of clergy and the ownership of places of worship, and for interfering with the selection of church leaders. It also has recognized Bartholomew I as the leader of the local church in Turkey, but not as ecumenical patriarch of all Orthodox Christians.

    For decades, Turkey has mostly ignored demands of the Patriarchate, mainly due to mistrust stemming from a rivalry with Greece. However, Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s government has pledged to address the problems of religious minorities and said he hopes the new constitution will correct democratic shortfalls.

    Bartholomew told reporters he favors a constitution that promotes equal rights and religious freedoms, including the reopening of a Greek Orthodox seminary that trained generations of patriarchs.

    “We asked for equality,” Bartholomew said after the meeting. “In education, we asked that the seminary be reopened. We asked for freedom of religion and conscious, for freedom of worship.”

    An 18-page report presented to the subcommittee also makes demands for government funds for minority schools and places of worship, Bartholomew said.

    Bartholomew, who is based in Istanbul, is the spiritual leader of hundreds of millions of Orthodox Christians worldwide.

    via Ankara – Turkey Urged To Allow Greater Religious Freedom — VosIzNeias.com.

  • Video: Orthodox Christians in Turkey dive into the Bosphorus

    Jan. 6 – Greek Orthodox Christians brave the cold waters of the Bosphorus to compete for a wooden crucifix in a traditional Epiphany ceremony. Rough Cut (no reporter narration)

  • U.S. Veep Biden Meets Patriarch Bartholomew in Turkey

    U.S. Veep Biden Meets Patriarch Bartholomew in Turkey

    NEW YORK — U.S. Vice President Joe Biden met Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I of Constantinople, the spiritual leader of the world’s Orthodox Christians, in Istanbul on Saturday.

    Nicholas Magginas U.S. Vice President Joe Biden met Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I of Constantinople, the spiritual leader of the world's Orthodox Christians, in Istanbul on Saturday.
    Nicholas Magginas U.S. Vice President Joe Biden met Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I of Constantinople, the spiritual leader of the world's Orthodox Christians, in Istanbul on Saturday.

    Vice President Biden was greeted at the entrance to the Patriarchal compound by His Eminence Archbishop Demetrios of America, together with the Chancellor, the Chief Secretary of the Holy and Sacred Synod, and the Patriarchal Court.

    His All-Holiness met with the Vice President in his personal office for a private conversation. Among the issues discussed were religious freedom in Turkey, the reopening of the Theological School of Halki, Turkey’s accession to the European Union, and the ecological initiatives of the Ecumenical Patriarchate.

    via U.S. Veep Biden Meets Patriarch Bartholomew in Turkey – Udated.