Tag: Canakkale Battles

  • PEA-BRAINS ON PARADE

    PEA-BRAINS ON PARADE

    mka1
    Harp Okulu Öğrencisi, Mustafa Kemal. (1899-1902)

    17 March 2014

    Today, the Black Sea rages red.
    Today, the missiles of the west tremble in anticipation.
    And today, the Turkish navy sends a task force on a three-month circumnavigation around Africa.
    How nice.
    In the face of great strategic uncertainty and dangerous border vulnerability, such is what passes for a strategic maneuver.
    Such is the condition of military thinking in the demolished Turkish military.
    How sad.
    The Turkish military, the true founder of modern Turkey.
    It had hurled the western occupying imperialist powers into the sea.
    The Turkish military, the pride of Atatürk.
    But that was then. And today is today. And the general staff now bow their collective heads to the politicians. Bow their heads!

    “Don’t fall into the temptation of trying to please pea-brains,” said Mustafa Kemal to his fellow officer, Ahmet Cemal, in 1910. “If you condescend to gain strength from the favor of this or that man, you may get it at present, but you’ll have a rotten future.”

    Today, Turkey is already experiencing such a rotten future. And we already know the pea-brains.

    Today, I learned that one of the pea-brains decreed that Turkish military cadets may no longer apply to West Point. Extremely competitive, acceptance there requires sponsorship by the government. Instead they will be applying to the Chinese and Korean academies. This is a major shift in Turkish foreign policy. This is a de-westernization of its best and brightest youth.
    And then I thought of my first meeting with Mustafa Kemal.

    My senior year at West Point, the winter of 1962.
    I am fully absorbed in a course entitled The History of the Military Art.
    We are now studying World War I. Except for its first few weeks of brilliant German maneuvers, it’s a blood-ridden, boring stalemate, a slaughterhouse in the trenches.

    One day after class, I visit the Cadet Bookstore.

    I see Gallipoli, by Alan Moorehead, an Australian by birth.
    I purchase it, outside reading never hurts.
    Moorehead introduces Kemal to me on page nine:

    “There was one name, more important than all the rest, that is missing from the list of guests at Harold Nicholson’s dinner party.” (Nicholson was junior secretary in the British Embassy)

    “He waited in resentful claustrophobia for the opportunity that never came.”

    “Through all these chaotic years it was Kemal’s galling fate to take orders from this man.” (Enver)

    “No one in his wildest dreams would have imagined that half a century later Kemal’s name would be reverenced all over Turkey, that every child at school would know by heart the gaunt lines of his face, the grim mouth and the washed eyes, while his spectacular rival would be all but forgotten.”

    Who was this Kemal?  My professors had never mentioned him, nor had our textbooks. We had studied Napoleon and Lee and Stonewall Jackson and Grant and Eisenhower and Guderian and Rommel and MacArthur. But about this Kemal, not a word.

    I could not stop reading my new book, Page 129: “It was at this point that Mustafa Kemal arrived.” (It was at Chanuk Bair.)
    “Kemal’s astonishing career as a commanding officer dates from this moment.”
    And from this point, the book “belongs” to Mustafa Kemal.

    His “air of inspired desperation.”

    His “fanatical attack on the Anzac beachhead all afternoon.”

    His  reconnaissance during the cease fire: “It was even said that Kemal had disguised himself as a sergeant and had spent the whole nine hours with various burial parties close to the Anzac trenches.”

    His detailed journal: “He always sees the battle from a fresh point of view.”

    His prophecy of the landing at Suvla: “From the 6th August onwards the enemy’s plans turned out just as I expected. I could not imagine the feelings of those who, two months before, had insisted on not accepting my explanations….They had allowed the whole situation to become critical and the nation to be exposed to very great danger.”  

    Mustafa Kemal, the savior, the father, the inspiration of the Turkish people, or at least those who are able to comprehend his genius.

    And so I graduated from West Point and did my duty.
    And so went the years and the decades and by a quirk of fate I came to Turkey.
    And then I read another book: Atatürk: The Biography of the Founder of Modern Turkey by Andrew Mango.

    And after that I read more and more books about this splendid man and I read his writings too. And I realized how my earlier education at West Point had been severely flawed.
    Why?
    Because Atatürk was the exemplar of the soldier-statesman we all should have studied and emulated. My god, he had won and built a nation. He had defeated the dark-minded forces that had enslaved the minds of Turkish men and women for centuries. He was a liberator beyond compare. Military, political, social, economical, educational, philosophical, cultural…he had mastered and implemented all the arts of modernization. He had given to all an explosive burst of genuine freedom. Indeed, he had set the way to an incomparable secular, democratic, republic of Turkey. And we, in the greatest military academy in the world, failed to know anything about him!

    How I wish now that sixty years ago I had a Turkish cadet classmate at West Point. How he could have inspired us all with the full story of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. And how enlightening it would have been for West Point and the “West.”

    One night soon after I had arrived in Turkey, I went to a concert at the AKM.  AKM stands for the Atatürk Cultural Center. It was a splendid concert auditorium with a vast stage for theater and ballet. It has since been left to ruin by the abominable government that now rules this fast-fading country. Outside were parked numerous buses. Inside was a contingent of cadets from a local military high school. I struck up a conversation. They all spoke perfect English.

    “So what’s next for you guys?” I asked.
    “I’m going to West Point next year,” one answered with a confident pride.
    “Really?” I said, “I went there.”
    He was as surprised as I was.
    He was a solid kid, like all of them, facing an uncertain future. And I thought of myself, so unknowing, so long ago.
    “You will have a great advantage at West Point, you know, with your military preparation,” I said.
    He shrugged his shoulders. “I hope so, sir.”
    “You will,” I said, “More than any of them there now.”
    “Why is that, sir?”
    “You have Atatürk,” I said. “And make sure you tell all of them all you know about him. Share him!”
    And then the bell sounded softly three times. Last call. We said goodbye and scattered to our seats.

    I wonder now about those splendid boys… By now they are officers. Army? Navy? Air Force? Are any in jail due to the ongoing criminal and nonsensical conspiracy of the CIA, Fethullah Gülen, and Recep Tayyip Erdoğan to destroy the Turkish military and Mustafa Kemal?

    The decision to abandon West Point training, made by someone somewhere in the Turkish chain of command, is a particularly harmful one. It insults the wise heritage of Mustafa Kemal. It severs the alliance of American and Turkish military academy-trained officers. And it stinks of political opportunism and ignorance. But those details can be debated some other day, hopefully by the young Turkish cadets who will easily see the profoundly catastrophic effects of a military turning its back on the world’s preeminent military institution. It’s a decision that penalizes both West Point and the Turkish Military Academy. It’s a decision made by those pea-brains, domestic and foreign, who today cause such havoc in Turkey.

    If we don’t wise up now, when will we?

    James (Cem) Ryan
    Istanbul
    17 March 2014

    Brightening Glance,  http://www.brighteningglance.org

     

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  • Canakkale Battles

    Canakkale Battles

    425600 10151397659175468 884360467 23306012 1794831776 nThose heroes that shed their blood
    And lost their lives.
    You are now lying in the soil of a friendly country.
    Therefore rest in peace.
    There is no difference between the Johnnies
    And the Mehmets to us where they lie side by side
    Here in this country of ours.
    You, the mothers,
    Who sent their sons from far away countries
    Wipe away your tears,
    Your sons are now lying in our bosom
    And are in peace
    After having lost their lives on this land they have
    Become our sons as well.’

  • International Gallipoli Symposium will be held in İstanbul

    International Gallipoli Symposium will be held in İstanbul

    International Gallipoli Symposium will be held in İstanbul

    canakkale

    Academics, scientists and researchers from Turkey, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Germany and Britain will attend the conference.

    The 3rd International Gallipoli Symposium will be held in İstanbul in April, which many academics, scientists and researchers studying various aspects of the Çanakkale War are scheduled to attend.

    The symposium, sponsored by İstanbul Culture University, the Australian National University (ANU), Çanakkale 18 Mart University and the Çanakkale Health, Education and Culture Foundation, is scheduled to be held on April 20 and 21 in İstanbul. Academics, scientists and researchers from Turkey, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Germany and Britain will attend the conference.

    The experts will make presentations on various subjects such as “Military Strategy and Techniques Used in the Çanakkale War” and “Reflections of the Çanakkale War in the press and cinema.”

    An academic from İstanbul Culture University, associate professor Dr. İbrahim Güran, told Cihan the aim of the symposium is to encourage more scientific studies on the Çanakkale War and to contribute to the economic, social and cultural development of Çanakkale because people will be more inclined to visit Çanakkale, thus contributing to its betterment. Güran added that those giving sessions are experts in their fields and all aspects — social, military and economic — of the Çanakkale War will be handled at the symposium.

    The 1st International Gallipoli Symposium was held in March 2006 in both İstanbul and Çanakkale.

    Cihan

  • Ottoman army enjoyed fresh food on front line

    Ottoman army enjoyed fresh food on front line

    Bridie Smith

    The Sphinx at Gallipoli . . . the second fieldwork survey yielded new findings about life during the campaign. Photo: Alexander Turnbull Library, New

    A SIMPLE Ottoman kitchen – complete with brick oven – discovered as part of a five-year survey of Gallipoli has highlighted the two extremes of life on the 1915 battlefield.

    While the Diggers were eating bully beef and other canned and processed food, their Turkish opponents ate fresh produce prepared in a terraced kitchen.

    The field kitchen was built much closer to the front line than the Allied food area, which was littered with tins and jam jars.

    Located during the second phase of a combined Australian, New Zealand and Turkish project to survey the battlefield before the 2015 centenary, the Ottoman kitchen was among the most revealing discoveries made last month, according to the survey archaeologist Tony Sagona from Melbourne University.

    ”One of the things that struck me … was that all the metal food containers that we found came from the Anzac side of the battlefield … The Ottoman army was largely cooking their food brought in from the villages.”

    The Allies had field kitchens with camp fires and their diet differed dramatically. Turkish archives suggest soup was a feature on the Ottoman menu.

    On the northern front line areas of the battlefield, archaeologists and historians found one of Gallipoli’s most significant sites on the peninsula’s scrubby vegetation – Malone’s Terraces at Quinn’s Post, considered a critical part of the Allied line.

    The historian Richard Reid said the Ottoman army and the Anzacs would have been no more than 10 metres apart. ”If either side had broken through, that would have been the end of the campaign,” he said.

    The Allied terrace was named after Lieutenant-Colonel William Malone, of New Zealand’s Wellington Battalion, who organised the building of the terraces for troops to sleep in. This dramatically improved conditions when the Kiwis took over from the Australians in June 1915.

    Malone’s Terrace was one of over 30 dugouts, terraced areas and tunnel entrances surveyed last month. More than 1700 metres of trench were also traced, in addition to the 4000 metres of trench mapped last year.

    Among more than 130 artefacts retrieved were buttons, belt buckles, bullet shells, shards from medicine jars and three bullet-holed water bottles.

    via Ottoman army enjoyed fresh food on front line.

  • Why the Anzac test is a turkey

    Why the Anzac test is a turkey

    OPINION: WITH ALL due respect to the NZRL, there’s something deeply disturbing about the proposal to stage a so-called Anzac league test in Turkey in 2015.

    Photos: Photosport  Let's call the Last Post on this farce: The Kiwis line up to face the Kangaroos last weekend.
    Photos: Photosport Let's call the Last Post on this farce: The Kiwis line up to face the Kangaroos last weekend.
    Photos: Photosport

    Let’s call the Last Post on this farce: The Kiwis line up to face the Kangaroos last weekend.

    Fair enough; playing a footy match to commemorate the landing at Gallipoli (where 11,421 Aussies and Kiwis perished) may have seemed a bright idea when first mooted at executive level. But you’d think cooler, or at least more sensitive minds might have eventually prevailed. It simply feels wrong on so many levels.

    It’s true, league is not on its own, here. Sport has always had this thing about comparing itself with war. Clearly not content with the standard theatre and drama it offers in the name of entertainment, it continually seeks non-existent parallels with the battlefield. League is merely the most recent example of this. The NZRL’s marketing slogan: “More than just a Game” is a delightful self-portrait; managing to sound both defensive and delusional in five easy words.

    For all that, the idea of league trying to boost its reputation and relevance (not to mention its coffers) by hanging on to war’s coat-tails is about as embarrassing as it gets. No wonder sport is so often lampooned for losing perspective. It’s bad enough that a commercial sporting event should even be using the “Anzac” tag for publicity, but this Turkey plan borders on the obscene. Good grief, why don’t we just party on the graves?

    From what I’ve read, most of the soldiers who survived either of the world wars preferred to keep their sport firmly in context. Former New Zealand cricketers Frank Cameron and Artie Dick spoke recently of the culture clash within the post WWII teams: the players who had served in the conflict and those who hadn’t. The first group tended to compete hard, accept a win or a loss magnanimously and play hard afterwards. The second were, typically, more obsessive and intense.

    In Greg Growden’s fabulous biography of Australian Bodyline batsman Jack Fingleton, it was again evident that the war veterans refused to treat sport as seriously as many of the peacetime players. The dashing all-rounder Keith Miller was regularly at odds with Don Bradman on the 1948 tour of England, at times refusing to bat or bowl in protest against his captain’s ruthless tactics. Unlike Miller, Bradman hadn’t seen any WWII action.

    The point of all this? Only that those poor blighters unfortunate enough to be caught up in either of the Great Wars knew where sport stood in the scheme of things. It was a game, just a game and certainly no more than a game. It was something to be played for fun. Those people knew what real drama was; they’d seen it with their own eyes. The horror, the death, the putrid smell of decay; they’d witnessed first-hand what genuine loss meant. And it had nothing to do with sport.

    League is trying far too hard. Presumably, many grocers fell at Gallipoli as well as footy players, along with butchers, bakers and candlestick-makers. Builders, plumbers, sparkies and farmers; salesmen and drivers, alike. Yet, as far we’ve heard, there are no plans for any of these industries to hold their 2015 annual conferences in Turkey. Only sport, represented in this instance by the NZRL, could be fat-headed enough to think along those lines.

    Quite apart from that, there’s also the irony of the Turkey proposal. After all, the Aussie league fraternity didn’t even really support WWI; they avoided it like the plague. Check out any credible historical account and it will tell a similar story. Australian historian Michael McKernan estimated about 75% of unmarried Aussie league players somehow managed to avoid serving. The NSWRL Roll of Honour, for first-grade players or officials killed in WWI, numbers 10, including the secretary.

    The purpose of this is not to belittle, of course; just to highlight the hypocrisy of the latest brainwave. Many were the reasons for Aussie’s new working-class sport not supporting the war. But the glaring reality is that, collectively, it did not. In 1915, as a comparison, it was reported that 197 out of 220 of Sydney’s regular first-grade rugby union players were in active service. London’s Daily Telegraph estimated 5000 Aussie union players served; about 98% of all adult playing numbers.

    As another Australian historian, Sean Fagan of website RL1908.com, notes, the NSWRL’s decision to continue playing its competition throughout the war, unlike union, was also controversial. Many considered it a reason for the 13-man code subsequently gaining an ascendancy over its rival. At the height of the debate the NSW Labor Premier went as far as calling on all able-bodied sports-men to do more to help their mates. “Your comrades at Gallipoli are calling you,” he exhorted. “This is not the time for football and tennis matches. It is serious. Show you realise this by enlisting at once.” Yet, even then, Aussie league’s finest avoided serving in their droves. There was no full draft and clearly, many had their reasons for not volunteering, not least a simmering hatred for the English. Nothing wrong with that, of course. But whichever way you look at it, Gallipoli and Aussie league have never had much in common.

    All the more extraordinary, then, that the powers-that-be should be attempting to make a connection between today’s annual trans-Tasman league fixture and the historic WWI battleground. It doesn’t as much seem wrong as downright distasteful, the idea of trading off the heroism, bravery and spirit of our Gallipoli veterans; in a tacky attempt to associate their privations and sacrifice with a tin-pot game of footy.

    More than just a game? Hopefully the NZRL will soon come to its senses.

    rboock@xtra.co.nz

    – Sunday Star Times

    via Why the Anzac test is a turkey | Stuff.co.nz.

  • Turkey holds int’l ceremony for Canakkale Battles 96th anniversary

    Turkey holds int’l ceremony for Canakkale Battles 96th anniversary

    mehteran

    “Canakkale Battles”, also known as “The Gallipoli Campaign”, took place at Gelibolu peninsula in Turkey from April 1915 to January 1916, during the First World War.

    Turkish Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoglu said that Canakkale in northwestern Turkey was the place where the first heartbeats of the Republic of Turkey were heard.

    An international ceremony took place in Gelibolu Peninsula in the northwestern province of Canakkale to mark the 96th anniversary of the Canakkale Battles.

    Wreaths were laid at the Monument of Martyrs on behalf of Turkey, Australia, New Zealand, Bangladesh, France, Canada, Germany, India, Ireland, Pakistan and the United Kingdom.

    Davutoglu said at the ceremony, “this battle which claimed lives of our grandfathers, has laid foundation of sound friendly ties between Turkish, Australian and New Zealander peoples. We think that Canakkale was the place where the first heartbeats of the Republic of Turkey were heard. Modern Republic of Turkey has risen from the ashes of an empire thanks to courage and determination of young soldiers who sacrificed their lives to defend their country.”

    “Canakkale Battles”, also known as “The Gallipoli Campaign”, took place at Gelibolu peninsula in Turkey from April 1915 to January 1916, during the First World War.

    A joint British and French operation was mounted to capture the Ottoman capital of Istanbul and secure a sea route to Russia. Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) formed the backbone of a 200,000-man British-led army that landed at Gelibolu. The attempt failed, with heavy casualties on both sides. The campaign resonated profoundly among all nations involved.

    Nearly 1 million soldiers fought in the trench warfare at Gelibolu. The allies recorded 55,000 killed in fighting with 10,000 missing and 21,000 dead of disease. Turkish casualties were estimated at around 250,000.

    The battle is considered as a defining moment in the history of the Turkish people. The struggle laid the grounds for the Turkish War of Independence and the foundation of the Republic of Turkey eight years later under Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, himself a commander at Gelibolu.

    AA

    via Turkey holds int’l ceremony for Canakkale Battles 96th anniversary | Diplomacy | World Bulletin.