Tag: Armenian terrorism

  • United States laid ground for Ergenekon “Deep State” in Turkey

    United States laid ground for Ergenekon “Deep State” in Turkey

    WMRWMR has discovered a formerly Secret document from the U.S. Department of State that confirms the United States not only supported the Turkish military coup that ousted the nation’s democratically-elected government in 1980 but actively supported the military-imposed Turkish Constitution as “reformist.”

    The citizens of Turkey recently voted in a referendum and approved 26 constitutional amendments that will transform Turkey into a democratic state without the threat of the military and national security state-affiliated judiciary trumping the power of the Parliament and the people. Neocons have condemned the referendum as a threat to secularism in Turkey and a move to an Islamic state. However, the neocons and their allies in Israel are concerned that a Mossad -and CIA-imposed Turkish “Deep State” has finally seen its power largely destroyed with the impending adoption of a new Turkish Constitution. The referendum, which passed with 58 percent of the vote, is a victory for the Justice and Development Party (AKP) of Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan.

    Many of the roots of the creation of the most recent variant of the Turkish Deep State, known as Ergenekon, can be seen in the State Department policy paper dated September 5, 1981, and titled “USG Policy toward Turkey.” When the State Department document was drafted, Turkey’s military junta leader, General Kenan Evren, was drafting the present Turkish Constitution. The 1981 Turkish military draft Constitution’s “reforms” were referred to in the State Department policy document’s author Lawrence Eagleburger, the Assistant Secretary of State for European Affairs: “It is too early to judge whether the fundamental GOT reforms, now in place or in prospect, will succeed.” The document also talks about the “relief” provided to the United States by the 1980 military coup: “The military takeover of September 1980 brought temporary relief and for the moment broke the back of radical movements — including pro-Islamic ones — which had come to the fore in the 1970s.”

    Eagleburger signaled his and the Reagan administration’s support for the Turkish junta because of the same bogus reasons that neocons today criticize the Erdogan government: the bogeyman of Turkish Islamic political power. Eagleburger warned that Turkey could “drift away from NATO and Western-style government; alignment with Middle East states which supply oil and markets; possibly even neutralism growing out of accommodations with the USSR.” Today, the neocons, Israelis, and their Ergenekon allies in Turkey argue the same points in demonizing the Turkish government: that Turkey is drifting from NATO, that it is turning to oil suppliers and markets like Iran, and has a growing relationship with Russia.

    Eagleburger then outlines how the Reagan administration would cement U.S. ties with Turkey to prevent the above scenarios from being realized. He writes: “ . . . the Turkish-American relationship has no natural constituency in terms of shared history, economic interdependence, ethic or family ties. The absence of a ‘Turkish lobby’ in the United States is indicative.” Two of the recipients of the Eagleburger document would later help fill the void and help create the American Turkish Council (ATC), a lobby group patterned after their friends at the American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC). Those two recipients of the Eagleburger document were Richard Perle, the Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Policy, and Paul Wolfowitz, Director of Policy Planning at the State Department. Other recipients of the Eagleburger policy document on Turkey included Robert Hormats, the Assistant Secretary of State for Economic and Business Affairs [and who is now the Undersecretary of State for Economic, Business, and Agricultural Affairs under Hillary Clinton]; Ronald Spiers, the director of the State Department’s Bureau of Intelligence and Research, former U.S. ambassador to Turkey from 1977 to 1980; and the prospective U.S. ambassador to Pakistan; Richard Burt, the Director of Politico-Military Affairs for the State Department; and Nicholas Veliotes, Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs.

    The nature of the bilateral U.S.-Turkish relations were described as a “best effort” to help Turkey in all respects, including an “understanding” of Turkey’s position in Greek-Turkish issues and dealing with “Armenian terrorism.” In 1981, Armenia was a constituent republic of the USSR. Today, it is “Kurdish terrorism” that plagues Turkey since Armenia is now an independent state with a natural and politically-powerful constituency in the United States. The Eagleburger document describes the Evren junta as perceiving the Reagan administration as making a “best effort” in providing financial support to Turkey from Washington’s “weighing in” on the “International Monetary Fund, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the Saudis, and other potential donors.”

    Eagleburger also warns of “nettlesome” issues that could adversely affect U.S. relations with the Turkish junta, for example, “Congressional badgering on Cyprus, on relations with Greece, on the pace of return to democracy, and an Armenian niche in the proposed Holocaust Museum.”

    The United States, through an alliance with Israel and its influence peddlers in Washington, would ensure that the Turkish pace of democracy would not return to normal until the recent approval by the Turkish people of a new constitution that will eradicate the Turkish junta’s military “reforms” championed by Eagleburger and his band of proto-neocons in the Reagan administration in 1981. Attempts over the past eight years by Ergenekon to overthrow the AKP government failed and with the new constitutional changes, Ergenekon’s and Israel’s ability to influence events in Turkish politics have been curtailed, save for the continuing threat of covert Israeli provocation of terrorism involving the Kurds.

    Source: Wayne Madsen Report,  Sept 18, 2010

  • ARMENIAN TERRORISM

    ARMENIAN TERRORISM

    Terrorism has always been a threat to human life, but nowadays its threat has even increased. Nevertheless, until recently the international community did not act jointly against terrorism. More often it were individual states that led the fight against terrorism on their own. Terrorist acts of September 11, 2001 in New York and Washington D.C., unprecedented by their scale, attracted the attention of the whole world community and resulted in the understanding of the necessity of a joint fight against this international evil. Since Azerbaijan has been the target of the Armenian terrorism, we deemed it necessary to touch upon this issue as a contribution to the joint fight.

    1. Historical Aspect
    History of terrorism dates back to the 1st century A.D., when the organization of zealots-sikaris began to function in Judea. At first members of the organization killed their victims with knives and swords, and then they openly declared a war. Their aim was to wage an uprising against the Greek and Roman rule in Judea. Uprisings instigated by zealots-sikaris resulted in the extermination of the Jews in Egypt and Cyprus, almost total exodus of the Judea population and the exile, which determined the fate of the Jewish people for the subsequent 2 millennia.
    Ishmaelites-nazarites acted since 1090 to 1275. Their aim was to spread the ideology of a “pure Islam”. They considered their own lives to be a sacrifice. Their terror targeted leading political or religious personalities, whom they stabbed in a broad daylight.
    Robbers-stranglers were active in India from the XIII to the XIX century. Their main aim was to make sacrifices to goddess Kali. They strangled, dismembered, buried their victims and tried to prolong their death agony since they believed that goddess Kali was enjoying the sight of the sufferings.
    At the end of the XIX century terrorism moved to Europe where a wave of political murders took place. In 1878 terrorists attacked Kaiser of Germany, King of Spain and King of Italy. In 1894 the President of France, in 1897 – the Prime Minister of Spain, in 1898 – the Empress of Austria, in 1900 – the King of Spain and in 1901 – the President of the USA were assassinated.
    At the end of the XIX century a part of intellectual elite in Russia considered terror as the only effective way to modernize the Russian society. Members of the group “Zemlya i Volya” (“The Earth and the Freedom”) created a terrorist group “Narodnaya Volya” (“People’s Freedom”), the assassination of the Emperor Alexander the Second being the culmination of its activities.
    Terrorism came to the USA with the Civil war. The organization named “Ku-Klux-Klan” was established in the South in order to resist the reconstruction of the South by means of terror. The anarchists led an active struggle in 1880s, especially in Chicago.
    Since the 70s of the XX century the people, who had no direct links to claims and demands of terrorists, became their targets. The end of the XX and the beginning of the XXI century was marked by the intensification of terrorism.

    2. Features of Terrorism
    The term “terror” means “fear”, “horror” in Latin. At present there’s no generally accepted international definition of terrorism both theoretically and conceptually, and at the international legal level, although it is important for the understanding of the gist of this issue and for the struggle against it. In one case, the term “terrorism” is characterized as the use or threat of use of violence on a systematic basis for the achievement of political goals. To cause fear is considered to be essential at that. Negligence of the accepted humanitarian values and striving for openness are also characteristic of this(1). In another case, terrorism is defined as a threat or use of violence often against civilian population. It is used for political, but not military, purposes by groups too weak to mount open assaults. Its psychological impact on the public has increased because of extensive coverage by the media(2).
    According to the Resolution on measures to eliminate international terrorism, adopted at the 45th session of the UN General Assembly on December 9, 1994, “criminal acts intended or calculated to provoke a state of terror in the general public, a group of persons or particular persons for political purposes are in any circumstance unjustifiable, whatever the considerations of a political, philosophical, ideological, racial, ethnic, religious or any other nature that may be invoked to justify them.”(3)
    In the legislation of the Republic of Azerbaijan the notion of terrorism means the commitment of actions or the threat of committing similar actions, which cause mass extermination of people, corporal injuries, or any other damage to their health, or the destruction (damage) of their property or other heavy injuries with the aim of violation of the public security, spreading panic among the population or achievement of the adoption by the state bodies of decisions that meet the interests of terrorists(4). According to the Criminal Code of the Republic of Azerbaijan, terrorism, i.e. explosion, arson or other actions, representing deadly danger to people, causing a considerable damage to property, or any other heavy consequences, if these are committed with the aim of the violation of public security, frightening of the population, or influencing the decision-making of the authorities in accordance with demands of the guilty, as well as the threat of committing the mentioned acts for the same purposes is the crime against public security(5).
    Being violence (as military activities or a common crime), terrorism is a crime, and at the same time it differs both from the military activities, and from usual crime. Terrorism has the following features, inherent only in it:

    * It targets peaceful civilians and therefore it differs from military activities during the war;
    * Violence or its threat is applied with the aim of causing fear among the population and the government. Thus, it differs it from ordinary murder;
    * Complete disregard of the moral values, since the victims, as a rule, cannot be the immediate cause of a terrorist act.
    * Terrorism is committed by individuals or by groups;
    * It pursues political goals.

    Terrorists act within their own state, outside the state borders and in several states. They act on their own and/or with the support of a state. Their actions are directed against the citizens of one or several states. Today one can single out the following main types of terrorism:

    * Terrorism, not supported by states. Terrorist groupings, which act autonomously without any essential support of any government;
    *

    Intrastate terrorism. Terrorist activities of citizens of a certain country against compatriots. These are acts against citizens of another country, if they are at the terrorists’ native land and are not main or selected objects;
    * State-sponsored terrorism. Terrorist groupings, which usually act independently, but enjoy the support of one or several governments;
    *

    Terrorism directed by states. Terrorist groupings, which act as government agents, permanently receiving information, material and technical supply and legal support from sponsor-government;
    *

    International (or transnational) terrorism. It is terrorism when planning and implementation of a terrorist act is accompanied by the state border crossing. When defining international terrorism one takes into account the goal of a terrorist act, nationality of victims and the place of terrorist act. Commitment of such acts is usually planned aiming at the attraction of the attention of international community to the existence, motives for actions and demands of terrorists.

    Terrorists use the following methods: murders, arsons, bomb explosions, hostage-taking, kidnapping, capture and hijacking of the vehicles, capture of objects, attacks and armed assaults, commercial or industrial sabotage, use of specific highly technical weapons and technology of high complexity, ecological terrorism.

    3. Armenian Terrorism
    Terrorism as a means of achievement of political goals is actively used by separatist groupings and countries, supporting them. One of these countries is the Republic of Armenia, which, using the situation of the Armenian minority as a pretext for the realization of its territorial claims to a number of states of the region (Turkey, Azerbaijan, Georgia) supports terrorist organizations all over the world, activities of which are directed against these countries.

    3.1 Roots
    The history of the Armenian terrorism dates back to the end of the XIX century. In 1887 the first Armenian party “Hnchak” (“Bell”) was organized in Geneva on the basis of Marxist principles. The members of that party were exclusively the Armenians of Russia, who brought in it the militant revolutionary spirit. In 1890 the Federation of Armenian Revolutionaries” – the “Dashnaktsutyun” party was established in Tiflis with the aim of uniting all small terrorist groups and revolutionary circles. “Both of these groups wanted an independent Turkish Armenia in the six eastern provinces so it would become a national socialist state”(6). But it was an intermediary aim.
    The programme of the “Hnchak” party stated that “the first goal of the party is to obtain the political and national independence of Turkish Armenia. …The methods to be used to reach this goal are propaganda, provocation, terror, organization, and the peasants and worker movement. …A special branch will be formed to organize these terrorist activities. …After independence of Armenia of Turkey, the revolution will be extended to the Armenia of Russia, and Iran, and a Federative of Armenia will be established.”
    The programme of the “Dashnaktsutyun” party envisaged the establishment of fighter groups and carrying out of organizational and political terror(7). At the beginning of the century the party formed a terrorist system “Nemesis”, the representatives of which committed a number of assassinations of the former members of the government of the Young Turks(8). The programme of the “Dashnaktsutyun” set forth the task “to stimulate fighting and to terrorize the government officials, informers, traitors, usurers, and every kind of exploiter. …The Revolutionary Armenian Federation was a terrorist organization from day one. This would be the organization that would take control of Armenia after the end of World War I; they have continued state-sponsored terrorism to the present day”(9).
    In the 90s of the XIX century the dashnaks carried out terrorist acts in the Ottoman Empire to achieve their political goals. It was the objective to stir the Christian Armenians and to inflame the Muslim Turks to react, so Christian European powers would become involved and establish an Armenian state. Armenian terrorists would provoke Muslims by ongoing acts of violence. Where the Muslims would respond, Armenians would cry out that “the barbarous Muslim Turks were massacring the innocent Christian Armenians”(10).
    In the first two decades of the XX century the Armenian terrorism outraged in Azerbaijan. The next stage was in the 70s-80s, when the Armenian terrorism acted on an international scale(11). Since the end of the 80s the Armenian terrorism has moved back to Azerbaijan.
    S.Weems is quite right when he notes that “terror and violence have been official policy of Armenians since the beginning of their nationalistic movement”(12).

    3.2. Armenian Terrorism as a Part of International Terrorism
    The end of the XX century was marked by the highest degree of activity of the Armenian terrorist organizations, such as the “Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia” (ASALA, established in 1975 in Beirut), “Avengers for Armenian Genocide” (established in 1973), “Group of June 9” (established in 1991 in Switzerland), “Suicide Squadron” (established in 1981 in France), terrorist activities of which was directed at the implementation of goals and demands of the Armenian political parties “Dashnaktsutyun”, “Hnchak”, “Ramkavar”, namely:

    * The recognition by Turkey, as a successor state to the Ottoman Empire, of the “genocide” of Armenians.
    * The return by Turkey to the Armenian people of their “historic motherland”.
    * Reimbursement by the government of Turkey of the material compensation for the “genocide”.
    * The recognition of the “genocide” and territorial rights of the Armenians by governments of all countries of the world(13).

    In order to draw the attention of the international public to the so-called problem of the “genocide of Armenians”, the Armenian terrorist organizations tried to justify their terrorist activities by the struggle for the liberation of the motherland. “If we describe our goal as the recognition of the genocide, then it’s quite natural that our movements will be conceived as an act of revenge. But if we clearly declare that our main goal is the liberation of our motherland, then the public opinion will not conceive our cause as an attempt to take revenge”(14).
    The “liberation of the motherland” was supposed to be achieved by means of terror against innocent people all over the world. In his letter to Thomas O’Neil, the former Speaker of the House of Representatives of the US Congress, the former US Secretary of State George Schultz noted that “more than 50 Turkish diplomats and US citizens were killed by terrorists seeking the adoption of the accusation of the Turkish people in the organization of the genocide. These terrorists killed those Americans who cast doubts on the accusations in genocide”(15). Armenian terrorist organizations act in cooperation with other terrorist and criminal groupings. The following facts could be treated as an example:

    *

    Involvement of the Armenian terrorist Hagop Hagopian in the massacre of the Israeli athletes during 1972 Munich Olympics, committed by the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) terrorists;(16)
    *

    A declaration on the cooperation between PKK and ASALA in fight against Turkey was adopted on April 6, 1980 in Lebanon;(17)
    *

    Support by ASALA to the actions of the organization “Jihade-Islami”, which blew up the barracks of the US marines in Beirut;(18)
    *

    Ties with the drugs baron Carlos, who in an interview to the Spanish TV said: “We have connections to the Armenian terrorist organizations. We help each other and closely cooperate”.(19)
    *

    Armenian terrorist Monte Melkonian maintained contacts with the representative of the organization “Fatah” Abu-Nabil, whose mission consisted of the conduct of terrorist acts in Beirut with the attraction of the Armenians. Abu-Nabil’s activities were to recruit and to use the Armenians in favour of the organization “Fatah” under the personal guidance by Yasser Arafat. Regardless of their party membership, Armenians cooperated with the “Fatah”;(20)
    *

    In 1981 the Swedish police arrested a group of Armenian drug smugglers connected with the Armenian terrorists. “ASALA” repeatedly threatened the Swedish government demanding the release of the smugglers;(21)
    *

    Explosions organized in 1986 in Paris with the help of Abu Nidal with the aim to compel French authorities to release two Middle Eastern terrorists together with the Armenian terrorist Garabedian;(22)
    *

    At the Second International Conference of solidarity with the Armenian people, which was held on April 20, 1986 in Greece Bassam abu-Salim on behalf of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, headed by Georges Habash, made a public statement: “Doors of our camps are always open to the Armenian freedom fighters”;(23)
    *

    Joint exercises of PKK and ASALA fighters in Trodos mountains, Cyprus, with the assistance of military advisers of Abu Nidal;(24)
    *

    Referring to the “Mossad”, the BBC broadcast that Georges Habash, the leader of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, characterized operations conducted by ASALA and PKK as “extremely racist, extremely nationalist and fascist ones”. Habash expelled from his camp those ASALA terrorists who were involved in drug trafficking;(25)
    *

    A meeting of ASALA and PKK representatives was held in northern Iraq, during which ASALA representatives preconditioned the continuation of the support to PKK by toughening the activities of the latter;(26)
    *

    Identification by the terrorist organization “Hezbollah” of Stefan Nicolian, the pilot of the “Cessna” airplane, who violated Israeli air space and was shot down by the Israeli Air Forces(27). It should be mentioned that as far back as in 1987 the Israeli Intelligence Service “Mossad” advised the Turkish Secret Police to carefully follow the developments in connection with the establishment of a close cooperation between ASALA and “Hezbollah”;(28)
    *

    The fact that the occupied territories of Azerbaijan are used by international terrorists and narco-mafia for production of narcotics, as well as a transit route for drug-trafficking are proved by the clash of interests of the international terrorist Monte Melkonian and those of the local Mafia bosses, as a result of which M.Melkonian ordered to burn cannabis plants;(29)
    *

    PKK and ASALA finance their activities by transporting Anatolian and Central Asian opium in collaboration with Afghan drug barons in Afghanistan and Pakistan.(30)

    Armenian terrorist organisations, cooperating with militant terrorist groups, were indiscriminate in the selection of their victims, not confining their violence to the Turks. The Americans, the Portuguese, the Swedish, the Canadians, the French, the Australians, and hundreds of representatives of other nationalities, who didn’t favour their appeals, also became their victims.
    A special attention should be paid to the connections with the terrorist organization “Al-Qaida” headed by Ussama bin Laden. These ties have been studied in detail by R.Novruzoglu and Y.Oguz. They note, in particular, that Lella Bagdasarian, a native of Armenia, fought in Karabakh in the women’s sniper group of ASALA. In 1994 she moved to France. In 1999 she converted to Islam and headed the French branch of “Al-Qaida”. Argun Israelian from Khankendi participated in the massacre of Azerbaijanis in Khojaly. In 1995 he moved to Syria where he was elected deputy chairman of the Washington branch of the “Al-Qaida” at the meeting with the ASALA participation. Michel Sarkissian, a native of Sumgayit, headed the “Sassun” branch and took part in the killings of Azerbaijanis in Karabakh. Since 1999 he headed the Cyprus branch of the ASALA. Since 2002 he has been working in the analytical office of the “Al-Qaida”.(31)
    On May 4, 2000 the branch of the “Vadi al-Qaid” company, belonging to Ibrahim bin Laden, opened in Yerevan. The company paid for the study of 9 Afghan students at the Yerevan University in 1994-2000, who were given the membership cards of the military brigade 005. The brigade has its branches in London, Yerevan, Paris, Washington, Teheran, Cologne, Russia, Argentina, Brazil, Georgia and is directly financed by Ussama bin Laden.(32)
    At first glance sufficiently close ties of the Armenian terrorism with radical Islamic terrorist organizations can cause astonishment and raise questions. But the article published in the Paris-based Armenian newspaper “GAMK” contains a rather open answer, which deserved to be thought over:(33)
    “There are American and NATO bases in Turkish Armenia. Therefore, the United States will oppose and fight any force that tries to upset the stability of that region and to change the status quo. In other words, to liberate the Armenian lands we will have to deal not only with the Turkish government but also the Atlantic Alliance and the United States.… A weakened NATO and a weakened United States would make it easier to liberate the Armenian lands… and would help free the Third World from the yoke of American imperialism”.
    Thus, the above-mentioned facts confirm that the Armenian terrorism is an integral part of international terrorism and transnational organized crime.

    3.3. The Support of International Terrorism by the Republic of Armenia
    Armenian terrorist organizations are powerful structures with respective units, equipment and information data. It is impossible to have and use all this on criminal purposes without state support. Armenian terrorist organizations enjoy a full support of the Republic of Armenia. The following facts could be used to prove it:

    *

    The former President of Armenia L.Ter-Petrossian interceded with the President of France for review of the sentence passed on Varuzhan Karapetian, one of the terrorists responsible for the terrorist act at the Paris Airport “Orly”, where six people died, including a US citizen. After being discharged, V.Karapetian was received as a national hero in his homeland. Prime Minister of Armenia Andranik Markarian and a number of other officials of the Republic of Armenia characterized the activities of the terrorist as “patriotic ones”;(34)
    *

    Despite the efforts of the former President of Armenia L.Ter-Petrossian to suspend the activities of the “Dashnaktsutyun”, having accused it of maintaining within this Party a secret terrorist service “DRO”, involved in international drug business and illegal economic activities;(35)today members of this party are represented in the Government of Armenia. In particular, the minister of education and science Levon Mkrtchian and minister of culture, youth and sports Roland Sharoyan, who are members of the “ARF-Dashnaktsutyun” party. If one takes into account that one of the advisors to president is the ARFD leader Vahan Ohanessian, and another member of this party Hrayr Karapetian became the governor of the Aragatsotn marz (district), then one can claim that the organization, which under the previous leadership was in disfavour, “came to power”;(36)
    *

    In July 1998 Abdulla Ocalan, the leader of the Kurdish terrorist organization PKK, demanded that the leadership of the Republic of Armenia place at his organization’s disposal a camp on the territory of Armenia;(37)
    *

    Downstream of the PKK, the Kurdistan Popular Liberation Army (ARGK), under the command of Cemil Bayik, leads the armed struggle in Turkey. ARGK, which the PKK developed during the course of the war, has now, according to A.Ocalan, 15000 fighters, including 4000 women. The militants are rather young and little or not educated: workers, peasants, unemployed. They are recruited sometimes voluntarily, sometimes not and trained at the guerilla in the Party’s camps abroad, namely, in the uncontrolled zone, north of Iraq, in Iran or at the confines of Armenia and Azerbaijan.(38)
    *

    In 2000-2001 according to court decision 16 PKK members, who tried to go from Iran through Azerbaijan to Armenia and back, were imprisoned.(39)
    *

    On May 9, 2002 the government of the United States of America charged some enterprises of Armenia for the fine because of the sale of equipment and technology to Iran, what violates Act of 2000 on Iran about non-proliferation.(40)

    It is hard to believe that these enterprises acted without the knowledge of the Armenian government.
    All this is by no means a complete list of facts confirming the support of the Republic of Armenia to international terrorism.
    There are a lot of states in the world, which pursue the policy of granting asylum and justifying terrorism, create all conditions for terrorists to have a rest and receive medical treatment, provide them political cover after they commit terrorist acts in other states, encourage dirty information campaigns aimed at justifying terrorism. Still more dangerous are the attempts to create an image of “national heroes”, “fighters for the just cause” for terrorists, favouring the upbringing of the younger generation in the spirit of terrorist struggle traditions. One of such states is the Republic of Armenia which pursues the state policy for the rehabilitation of the international Armenian terrorist group activists, who have committed explosions in the 70s-80s at the “Orly” airport and at the Moscow underground, assassinations of Turkish diplomats in Switzerland and Greece, seizure of Turkish embassy in Paris and a number of other crimes.(41)

    3.4. Armenian Terrorism against Azerbaijan
    Azerbaijan became an object of Armenia terrorism already since the beginning of XX century. The terror acts reached their strong swing during first Russian revolution in 1905-1907 and in 1918-1920. Armenian scapegraces acted with special cruelty. They spare neither olds nor women and children, leaving burned and destroyed villages.(42)
    Since the end of the 80s of the XX century Azerbaijan has again become the main target of the Armenian terrorism. Terrorist acts were carried out against the civilian population both on the territory of Azerbaijan and out of it. As a result of crimes committed by the Armenian terrorists from 1989 to 1994 over 2 thousand civilians of the Republic of Azerbaijan, mainly women, the elderly people, and the children, died; tens of thousands were wounded and became invalids. (See Annex I).
    Armenia stood behind these crime and these terrorist acts were organized for the realization of political goal – the seizure of the Nagorno-Karabakh region of Azerbaijan. After having been occupied by Armenia, this region of Azerbaijan together with Armenia and the Middle East became the place of deployment of terrorist organizations.(43) The documents prepared by the International Research Institute in Washington mentioned the existence of 21 training centers for PKK fighters in Armenia and the Nagorno-Karabakh region of Azerbaijan. About 660 Kurdish terrorists were trained in the armed forces of the Republic of Armenia.(44)
    According to R.Novruzoglu and Y.Oguz, Ibrahim bin Laden, whom we have already mentioned, elaborated a plan on the establishment of training camps in the occupied territories of Azerbaijan, in particular in Jabrayil, Zangilan and Gubadly. He invested 320 thousand USD for these purposes. Mark Sarkissian, head of a terrorist organization “Chegakron” situated in Khankendi since 1999, with the identity card, given by bin Laden, became the member of a radical organization “Armed Islam” (Algeria) and is a coordinator between the two organizations.(45)
    The involvement of Armenia, to be more accurate, of its state bodies into the terrorist acts against Azerbaijan has been proved by numerous judicial evidences. Thus, for example, as a result of cooperation between the Azerbaijani Ministry for National Security and the Russian Federal Security Service a terrorist group of Armenian separatists headed by the chief of division of the Main Directorate of the National Security of Armenia, colonel Jan Ohanessian, his deputy, major Ashot Galoyan and the senior officer of the department for counter-terrorism of the Russian Federal Security Service, major Boris Simonian that acted on the territory of the Russian Federation, was called to account. This group, which was financed by the association “TIRR” stationed in Moscow and headed by V.Petrossian, organized explosions in several trains on the territory of Russia and Azerbaijan. All these persons were sentenced to various terms of imprisonment by the courts of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Azerbaijan. The fact of organization by the secret services of Armenia of the electric train explosion at the Baku underground on March 19, 1994 (14 persons died, 42 persons were wounded), which was executed by members of a terrorist and separatist organization “Sadval” that functions in Dagestan was proved during the court examinations. Numerous testimonial and material evidence directly indicate that the fighters of this organization were trained for military and subversive activities at the bases of special services of Armenia at the Lukoser settlement of the Nairi district and in the Arzni district of Armenia, as well as in camps specially built in the Maharramkend district of Dagestan. It were special services of Armenia that financed and provided all necessary explosive materials and technical means for the terrorist act. Azerbaijani special service found out 43 organizers and performers of that crime. 30 of them were sentenced by the Supreme Court of Azerbaijan; as concerns other persons, who are in hiding out of Azerbaijan, the search for them has been going on. The unusual character of this terrorist act is that the special services of a state, neighbouring Azerbaijan (i.e. Armenia), which occupied territories and sponsors the separatist regime in the western part of Azerbaijan (in Nagorno-Karabakh), organized training of terrorists on the territory of the other contiguous country (Russia) from separatists who claim a number of northern regions of Azerbaijan. This is a convincing evidence that the interaction of separatists of different ethnic origin is one of the most important constituent elements of international terrorism.(46)
    Above we spoke of the policy aimed at providing asylum and justifying terrorism. Armenia pursues this policy with regard to terrorist organizations and terrorists, who were also involved in the act of violence against the peaceful population on the territories of Azerbaijan occupied by the armed forces of Armenia. This is proved by the fact that in 1993 the Iranian, Lebanese and Syrian “colleagues” of Monte Melkonian, the US citizen, who served his term in the French prison for the terrorist acts committed in Paris, who was involved in atrocities carried out by Armenians on the territory of the Nagorno-Karabakh and other regions of Azerbaijan and who was proclaimed a national hero of Armenia, attended his funerals together with Armenian officials, including President of the country.(47)
    Another example. A well-known terrorist Grant Narkarian and Vazgen Sislian, one of organizers of the seizure of the Turkish embassy in Paris in 1981, were honored with the title of heroes of the Karabakh war.(48)
    As a result of the cease-fire established in May 1984 and the measures taken by special services of Azerbaijan since mid-1995 the Armenian terrorist activity against the civilian population of Azerbaijan began to decline. But at the same time state organs of Armenia and the puppet regime in Nagorno-Karabakh made attempts to organize, to finance and realize this activity by means of using citizens of the third countries, the representatives of small nations of Azerbaijan, prisoners-of-war and hostages.
    Thus, in training bases of the Armenian terrorists terrorist groups from separatist organizations of Lezghins, Avars, Kurds were set up, talks on the preparation of terrorist acts were held with the representatives of these groups and they were rendered every assistance. As a result of the examination of the persons put to investigation in connection with terrorist acts committed in September 2001 in the Zagatala region of Azerbaijan it became known that “defense minister” and other “top officials” of Nagorno-Karabakh took part in the preparation of the armed actions aimed at the unification of the northern parts of Azerbaijan with the Dagestan Republic of Russia and in the arms supply to the Lezghin and Avar separatists. Terrorists who committed these crimes visited repeatedly Yerevan and Nagorno-Karabakh, received a special training here; they were given weapons and money for the beginning of the actions on the establishment of a separatist Avar state.(49)
    Magammad Ojagverdiyev, who was released from the Armenian captivity on November 3, 2001, said at the press conference held on November 23, 2001 that when he was in Armenia he was offered to commit terrorist acts against prominent public figures and politicians. In exchange he was offered a flat in any country and the money. When he refused he was tortured in the investigatory isolation ward of the ministry of national security of Armenia.
    Terrorism is closely connected to transnational organized crime, illegal drug trafficking, money laundering, illegal arms trafficking and illegal transportation of nuclear, chemical, biological and other potentially lethal materials. This connection was referred to in the UN Security resolution 1373 of September 28, 2001.(50) This activity is especially seen in territories uncontrolled by states and widely used as transit corridors. Terrorist and separatist organizations carry out this kind of illegal activity for self-financing aims.
    Armenia, as well as the puppet regime in Nagorno-Karabakh, continues to use the occupied territories of Azerbaijan as a transit corridor for the activities of transnational organized crime. They use these territories in the interests of the drug business, for illegal arms and human trade, money laundering and other illegal activities, the obtained profit being spent for the financing terrorism,(51) which is in its turn one of means of alienation of the Azerbaijani territory. In the “International Narcotics Control Strategy Report” of the US State Department of 2003 it is noted that the occupied Azerbaijani territories are used for drug trafficking. In 2001 in the Nagorno-Karabakh region 3,677 kg of hemp were seized.(52)
    Moreover, the terrorists began to act in Armenia proper. The events of October 1999 in the Parliament of Armenia could be named as an example, when terrorists killed the speaker and a number of members of parliament, as well as the prime minister.
    These facts let S.Weems come to a conclusion that “political assassinations are commonplace in Armenia today. The mayor of Yerevan, capital city, complained about corruption within the state government, and was murdered. Many individuals, who have attempted to object and speak out about state government abuse have been assassinated”.(53)

    Conclusion
    As a form of extremism and violence, terrorism is a means in the hands of the groupings connected with separatism, destabilization, religious fundamentalism and political radicalism for the implementation of political goals. Terrorism, incompatible with the norms of international and domestic law, is especially brutal in carrying out its actions. Terrorism and those who commit terrorist acts undermine the very basics of morality and legality.
    Terrorism was a means for the achievement by the Armenian nationalists of their political goals. It has become now an integral part of state politics of the Republic of Armenia. S.Weems noted that “since 1918 until today the two major exports of Armenia have been its own people, fleeing the “historic state” and terrorism. Since 1918 number one import of Armenia has been, and continues to be, foreign aid from other nations”.(54)
    All characteristic features and all type of terrorism pertain to Armenian terrorism, which uses practically all methods used by terrorist organizations. Armenian terrorism is closely connected to international terrorism and organized crime; it is their integral part. In 1973-2001 only in Western European countries Armenian terrorist organizations committed 235 terrorist acts, 70 murders, 41 assassination attempts. As a result of these terrorist acts 524 persons were wounded and 105 civilians were taken hostage.(55) Armenian terrorism is supported by the Republic of Armenia and is a part of its state policy.
    Unfortunately, the Armenian myth based on the concepts of “Greater Armenia” and “Armenian genocide” fabricated by the Armenian ideologists, continues to serve, today as well, the instigation of hatred, evil and intolerance. Direct military aggression and terrorism with regard to the civilian population and civil installations are elements of common state policy of Armenia with regard to Azerbaijan. The Armenian terrorists committed the terrorist acts against Azerbaijan at the territories of the third states as well. The artificial prolongation by the Armenian side of the process of settlement of the Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict is aimed at the aggravation of situation in the region. Armenia uses terror as a component of its state policy. All this creates serious threat to regional security. One thing is undoubted: the present-day Armenia, being the aggressor-state and the state, supporting and sponsoring terrorism and separatism, will act until the international community condemns and ceases to support its unlawful claims.
    In conclusion we would like to remind of the statement by the UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan that “…Terrorism threatens every society. As the world takes action against it, we have all been reminded of the need to address the conditions that permit the growth of such hatred and depravity. We must confront violence, bigotry and hatred even more resolutely…”.(56)

    Annex 1
    Chronology of the terrorist acts in Azerbaijan (1989-1994)

    September 16, 1989
    Passenger bus, moving on the Tbilisi-Baku itinerary was blown up. As a result, 5 men died and 25 got wounded.
    October 7, 1989
    On the southern outskirt of the Khankendi town of the Republic of Azerbaijan the Armenian terrorists blew up a car bridge on the Khelfalichay River. A criminal A.A.Abramian was sentenced by the Supreme Court of the Republic of Azerbaijan to 15 years of imprisonment with expropriation.
    February 18, 1990
    On the 105th kilometer of the Yevlax-Lachin highway a line bus moving from Shusha to Baku was blown up. As a result of this terrorist act 13 persons were wounded.
    July 11, 1990
    A car caravan loaded with the goods of national economy escorted by detachment was attacked between the settlements of Oktavan and Jiraktar in the Agdere district of the Nagorno-Karabakh region of Azerbaijan. 3 persons were killed, 23 wounded. Criminal A.Ayrian was sentenced to extreme penalty with expropriation by the Supreme Court of the Republic of Azerbaijan on July 12, 1992.
    August 10, 1990
    As a result of explosion of a passenger bus moving on the itinerary of Tbilisi-Aghdam 20 persons were killed, 30 wounded. This criminal group also planned to organize explosion on the bus Aghdam-Tbilisi. On June 17, 1991 the group was arrested, its leader A.Avanesian was sentenced to extreme penalty, a member of the group M.Tatevosian – to 15 years of imprisonment.
    December 15, 1990
    Terrorist group, headed by S.Babayan and A.Ayrumanyan, killed 3 persons on a span between the Jamilli and Kosalar stations of the Asgeran district of the Nagorno-Karabakh region of Azerbaijan.
    September 15, 1990
    The Armenian terrorists blew up the broadcasting center in Khankendi. No victims were recorded.
    January 9, 1991
    A reporter of the newspaper “Molodyoj Azerbaydjana” (“Azerbaijani Youth”) S.Askerova, militaries – lieutenant colonel S.Larionov, major I.Ivanov, sergant I.Goek were killed on the 15th kilometer of the road from Lachin to Shusha. The Supreme Court of the Republic of Azerbaijan sentenced criminals A.Mkrtchian, G.Petrosian, A.Mangasarian, G.G.Arutyunian and G.M.Arutyunian to be shot and other members of the terrorist group to different periods of imprisonment.
    January 19, 1991
    In Khankendi V.Bagmanian, A.Antonian and S.Bagmanian made an attempt upon life of major-general V.Kovalyov, chief of the Office of Internal Affairs of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Region.
    January, 1991
    Near the Drmbon settlement of the Agdere district of the Nagorno-Karabakh region of Azerbaijan a group of terrorists, leaded by V.Galayan, committed an armed attack on autocade, moving to Kelbadjar. A driver of gasoline truck was killed.
    Early in 1991
    A.Bagmanian, S.Babayan, A.Abramyan and others killed head of the “Khodjali” airport.
    April 8, 1991
    A terrorist act was committed against deputy head of the office of internal forces on the Northern and Southern Caucasus colonel V.Blakhotin in Rostov-on-Don, Russia. The Court Board of the Rostov region sentenced criminals to different terms of imprisonment: A.Bagmanian and A.Antonian – to 15 years, S.Bagmanian – 12 years, K.Akopyan – 4 years, K.Yegityan – 2 years and 9 months.
    April 18, 1991
    As a result of an armed attack on motor-car the Armenian terrorists headed by G.Sarkisian in the Khojavend district of the Nagorno-Karabakh region of Azerbaijan, near the Amaras Church 3 police officers were killed. The same group blew up the bridge between Askeran and Aghdam.
    May 9, 1991
    The Armenian militants made an attempt upon Vladimir Polyanichko, one of the members of the Organizational Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan on the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Region. In August 1, 1993 he was murdered as a result of terrorist act in the Northern Ossetia.
    May 30, 1991
    The Moscow-Baku passenger train was blown up near the railway station of Khasavyurt, Dagestan, Russia. 11 people were killed and 22 wounded.
    June 28, 1991
    A group of the Armenian terrorists made an attack on the Garadaghli settlement of the Martuni district of the Nagorno-Karabakh region of Azerbaijan. 6 people out of the peaceful population were killed.
    July 31, 1991
    On the territory of Dagestan the Armenian militants blew up the Moscow-Baku train, as a result of which 16 people were killed and 20 wounded.
    Summer of 1991
    Khomich, major of the internal forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR was murdered on the highway Khankendi-Shusha.
    November 20, 1991
    “Mi-8” helicopter, with a group of eminent statesmen, political and military figures of Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Russia, as well as other officials and journalists on the board, was shot down by the Armenian terrorists over the Garakend settlement of the Khodjavend district of the Nagorno-Karabakh region of Azerbaijan. All passengers and crew died.
    January 8, 1992
    The Krasnovodsk (Turkmenbashi)-Baku passenger see ferry was blown up. 25 persons died and 88 were wounded.
    January 28, 1992
    A civilian helicopter, flying on the itinerary of Aghdam-Shusha, was shot down by the Armenian terrorists near Shusha. From 41 passengers on the board, mainly consisted of women and children, 3 were killed.
    February 28, 1993
    The Kislovodsk-Baku passenger train was blew up not far from the Gudermes station, Chechnya, Russia. 11 were killed, 18 wounded.
    June 2, 1993
    A passenger railroad car, standing on sidings, was blown up in the railway station in Baku. No victims were recorded. Criminal I.Khatkovskiy was sentenced to 8 years of imprisonment by the decision of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Azerbaijan in July 22 1994.
    February 1, 1994
    The Kislovodsk-Baku passenger train was blown up in the railway station in Baku. As a result, 3 people died and more than 20 were wounded.
    February 24, 1994
    A railroad car was blown up in the Khudat station. No victims were recorded.
    March 18, 1994
    The Armenian terrorists shot down the “Hercules” aircraft of the Iranian Air Forces, with diplomats and their families on the board. As a result of the terrorist act 34 people lost their lives.
    March 19, 1994
    An electric train was blown up in the subway station of “the 20th of January” in Baku. 14 people were killed and 42 wounded.
    April 13, 1994
    The Moscow-Baku passenger train was blown up in the railway station of “The lights of Dagestan” (Russia). As a result of the terrorist act 6 people were killed and 3 wounded.
    July 3, 1994
    An electric train was blown up between the “The 28th of May” and “Gandjlik” stations of the Baku subway. As a result, 14 people died and 54 were wounded.

    Annex 2
    Bibliography on Armenian terrorism

    1. CORDES, Bonnie. “Armenian Terrorism in America”, Symposium on International Terrorism. Ankara: Ankara University Press, 1984, pp. 155-166.
    2. CORSUN, Andrew. “Armenian Terrorism: A Profile.” U. S. Department of State Bulletin. No. 82 (August, 1982): 31-35.
    3. DEROGY, Jacques. Operation Nemesis: Les Vengeurs Armeniens. Paris: Librairie Artheme Fayard, 1986.
    4. FEIGL, Erich. Ein Mythos Des Terrors: Armenischer Extremismus – Seine Ursachen und Hintergrunde. Salzburg: Zeitgeschichte, 1986.
    5. FEIGL, Erich. A Mith of Terror. Armenian Extremism: Its Causes and Its Historical Context. Salzburg: Edition Zeitgeschichte, 1986.
    6. GUNTER, Michael M. Pursuing the Just Cause of Their People: A Study of Contemporary Armenian Terrorism. New York: Greenwood Press, 1986.
    7. ——- . “Contemporary Armenian Terrorism”, Terrorism: An International Journal. Vol. 8, no. 3 (1986): 213-252.
    8. ——- . “Contemporary Aspects of Armenian Terrorism”, Symposium on International Terrorism. Ankara: Ankara: University Press, 1984. pp. 103-144.
    9. ——- . “Cycles of Terrorism: A Question of Contemporary Counterterror and Harassment Against the Armenians.” Journal of Political Science. Vol. XIV, Nos. 1 & 2 (1986): 58-73.
    10. ——- . “The Armenian Terrorist Campaign Against Turkey.” Orbis. (Summer, 1983): 447 – 477.
    11. ——-. “The Historical Origins of Contemporary Armenian Terrorism,” Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies. Vol. IX, no. 1 (Fall, 1985): 77-96.
    12. ——-. “Transnational Sources of Support for Armenian Terrorism,” Conflict Quarterly. Vol. V, no. 4 (Fall, 1985): 31-52.
    13. CURUN, Kamuran. “Causes and Preventions of Armenian Terrorism,” Symposium on International Terrorism. Ankara: Ankara University Press, 1984.
    14. HENZE, Paul: Coal. Destabilization – Soviet Agitational Propaganda, Instability and Terrorism in NATO. South. Marina Del Rey: American Institute for Security Research, 1981.
    15. ——-. “The Long Effort to Destabilize Turkey,” Atlantic Community Quarterly. Vol. 19 (Winter, 1981-1982): 468-473.
    16. ——-. “The Roots of Armenian Violence,” Symposium on International Terrorism. Ankara: Ankara University Press, 1984. pp. 179-202.
    17. HOFFMAN, Bruce. “Terrorism in the United States During 1985,” Rand Paper: P-7194. Santa Monica: The Rand Corporation, 1985.
    18. KURZ, Anat and MERARI, Ariel. ASALA: International Terror or Political Tool. Jerusalem: Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies, Tel Aviv University, 1985.
    19. LOWRY, Heath W. “Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Armenian Terrorism: Threads of Continuity,” Symposium on International Terrorism. Ankara: Ankara University Press, 1984. pp. 71-83.
    20. MCCARTHY, Justin. “Armenian Terrorism: History as Poison and Antidote,” Symposium on International Terrorism. Ankara: Ankara University Press, 1984. pp. 85-94.
    21. MAHWELL, Evan. “Bomb on the Loose,” Reader’s Digest [May, 1986].
    22. Prestupleniya armyanskikh terroristicheskikh i banditskikh formirovaniy protiv chelovechestva (XIX-XXI vv.). Kratkaya khronologicheskaya entsiklopediya (Baku: Elm, 2002).
    23. SHIRAGIAN, Arshavir. The Legacy: Memoirs of an Armenian Patriot. S.Shiragian, trans. Boston: Hairenik Press, 1976.
    24. SOMER, Tarik. “Armenian Terrorism and the Narcotic Traffic,” Symposium on International Terrorism. Ankara: Ankara University Press, 1984. pp. 19-27.
    25. SZAZ, Michael. “Armenian Terrorists and the East-West Conflict,” Journal of Social, Political and Economic Studies (Winter, 1983): 387-394.
    26. TERNON, Yves. The Armenian Cause. A. A. Mangouni, trans. New York: Caravan Wooks, 1985.
    27. WOHLSTETTER, Albert and VIRTS, Nancy. “Armenian Terror As A Special Case of International Terror,” Symposium on International Terrorism. Ankara: Ankara University Press, 1984. pp. 261-280.
    28. WEEMS, Samuel, Armenia. Secrets of a “Christian” Terrorist State. Dallas: St.John Press, 2002.
    29. The Case of Soghomon Terhlirian. Yeghiayan, Vartkes, trans. [A.R.F. Varantian Gomideh. Edited and Produced by the Zoryan Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts], 1985.

    1. Graham Evans, Jeffrey Newnham, The Penguin Dictionary of International Relations (London: Penguin Books, 1998), 530.
    2. The Columbia Encyclopedia, 5th ed. (New-York: Columbia University Press, 1993), 2718.
    3. A Document of the UN General Assembly, A/RES/49/60.
    4. Zakon o borbe c terrorizmom ot 18 iyunya 1999 goda, Sbornik zakonodatelnikh aktov Azerbaydjanskoy Respubliki, ¹.8, (Baku: Apparat Prezidenta Azerbaydjanskoy Respubliki), 1701-1708.
    5. Ugolvniy Kodeks Azerbaydjanskoy Respubliki, Art. 214-216 i 219.
    6. Samuel Weems, Armenia. Secrets of a “Christian” Terrorist State (Dallas: St.John Press, 2002), 16.
    7. Suren Manukian, Respublika Armenia:organi vlasti,khronika sobytiy,politicheskie organizatsii,biografii (Moskva: Panorama, 2000), 92.
    8. “The Armenian American Prosecution of Turkey: An Unjust Trial. C. Despite of the Verdicts of the Spurious Ottoman Courts and the Findings of the Malta Tribunals, Armenian Terrorists Have Engaged in a Vigilante War Which Continues Today,” n.d.,
    9. Weems, 55-57.
    10. Weems, 16.
    11. Chronology of Armenian terrorism in 1973-1993:
    ;

    lomats.html
    12. Weems, 36.
    13. “Joint Communique issued by the Armenian Political Parties active in the United States of America,” Armenian Weekly, 4 April 1987, p.8.
    14. Karen Yeghparian, Ara Khanjian, “The Liberation of our Homeland,” Armenian Weekly, 11 May 1985, p.2.
    15. Letter of US Secretary of State George Shultz of November 25, 1985 to Speaker of the US House of Representatives, the Honorable Thomas P.O’Neill.
    16. “Hagop Hagopian Said To Have Been Part of 1972 Terror Attack at Munich Olympic Games,” The Armenian Reporter, 7 February, 1985, p.1.
    17. “XXXVII. Could there be a connection between the termination of the terrorism by Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia (ASALA) and the beginning of PKK terrorism in mid eighties?” n.d.,
    18. “Armenian Terror Group Supports Radical Moslems,” The Armenian Reporter, 17 January, 1985.
    19. “Columbia: The Carlos Connection,” The Nation, 22 June, 1985, p.759.
    20. “Rapport: redige par “Moudjahid” (Minas Ohanessian, egalement “Hagop Hakopian”) du 1 Septembre 1983″, “Hayastan”, 119-120-1985, www.u-paris2.fr/mcc/html/archives/ne/ne1112/ne111206.htm
    21. Mark S.Steinitz, “Insurgents, Terrorists and the Drug Trade,” The Washington Quarterly, Vol. 8, No. 4, (Fall 1985): 145.
    22. “Jack Anderson and Dale Van Atta column entitled: “French Foil Turks’ Hunt for Terrorist”, Washington Post, 31 October, 1986, p.E5
    23. Edward K.Boghosyan, “Radical Group Hosts Well-Attended Solidarity Meeting,” The Armenian Reporter, 1 May, 1986, pp.1&18
    24. The British Broadcasting Corporation, Summary of World Broadcasts, July 6, 1987: Part 4-A: The Middle East, p. ME/8612/A/1.
    25. The British Broadcasting Corporation, Summary of World Broadcasts, July 6, 1987: Part 4-A: The Middle East, p. ME/8612/A/1.
    26. “Asala and PKK hold a joint meeting in northern Iraq”, Turkish Daily News, 13 June 2001.
    27. “Israel shoots down Lebanese plane”, Guardian, May 24, 2001; “IAF shoots down Lebanese civilian plane over Mikhmoret”, Haarets, May 25, 2001.
    28. “ASALA Cooperating with radical Lebanese,” The Armenian Reporter, 9 July, 1987, p.1.
    29. Mrkar Melkonyan, “Monte Avo Melkonian,”, n.d., (September 1999).
    30. Jeffrey Steinberg, “RIM: London’s narco-terrorist international”, Executive Intelligence Review, n.d. (17 November, 1995).
    31. Rovshan Novruzoglu, Yunus Oguz, Karabakh: Uncontrolled Zone… (Baku: Ozan, 2002), 81.
    32. Novruzoglu, Oguz, 86.
    33. Erich Feigl, A Myth of Terror. Armenian Extremism: Its Causes and Its Historical Context (Freilassing-Salzburg: Edition Zeitgeschichte, 1986), 122.
    34. Anna Israilyan, “Ne aplodituyte terroristam,” Aravot, n.d. www.aravot.am/2001/aravot_rus/May/10/st01.htm (10 May 2001).
    35. Manukian, 95.
    36. David Petrisian, “Komanda Kochariana nachinaet i …,” n.d.,
    37. “Armenian Issue, Allegations-Facts. Chronology,” n.d. http://www.ermenisorunu.gen.tr/turkce/khronoloji/index.html
    38. Francois Haut, “Kurdish Extremism and Organised Crime: the Kurdistan Workers Party”, n.d. (3-5 March 1998).
    39. “Zayavlenie Ministerstva natsionalnoy bezopasnosti Azerbaydjanskoy Respubliki,” Bakinskiy Rabochiy, 6 June, 2002.
    40. “US Penalizes Entities for Selling Banned Goods to Iran,” n.d., (9 May 2002)
    41. Namig Abbasov, “Terrorizm tesno svyazan s separatizmom,” Ekho, 28 March, 2002.
    42. Detailed information can be found: Prestupleniya armyanskikh terroristicheskikh i banditskikh formirovaniy protiv chelovechestva (XIX-XXI vv.). Kratkaya khronologicheskaya entsiklopediya (Baku: Elm, 2002).
    43. Christos Iacovou, ASALA, Summary of Research “Asala: History and Ideology,” n.d.,
    44. “Karabagda 21 kamp. Guncel haberler. Kisa kisa,” Zaman, n.d. (10 January, 1996).
    45. Novruzoglu, Oguz, 87.
    46. Abbasov.
    47. Mrkar Melkonyan, “Monte Avo Melkonian,” n.d. (September 1999).
    48. Abbasov.
    49. R.Babayev, “Zagatalskiy protses zavershen,” Ekho, 16 April, 2002.
    50. Resolution 1373 (2001), adopted by the Security Council at it’s the 4385th meeting, 28 September 2001, S/RES/1373 (2001).
    51. Abbasov.
    52.
    53. Weems, 361
    54. Weems, 106.
    55. Arif Rəhimzadə. “Həyat bizi terrorizmə qarşı barışmaz mübarizəyə səsləyir” Dirçəliş –XX əsr, No 51 (May, 2002): 47
    56. Kofi Annan, “Fighting Terrorism on a Global Front,” The New York Times, 21 September, 2001.

    www.azerembsof.com

  • History of Armenian Terrorism

    History of Armenian Terrorism

    SHAMIL GURBANOV,
    PROFESSOR,DOCTOR OF PHILOLOGY,
    MEMBER OF THE MILLI MEJLIS OF THE AZERBAIJAN REPUBLIC
    Acts of terrorism of Armenians began from 1896. That year they exploded a post office in Istanbul and caused the death of a number of innocent citizens. This act of terrorism caused hatred in the world community towards Armenian. But the feeling of hatred was not forever. On the contrary, later, that act of terrorism was justified by presenting Armenian people as poor and pitiful. Armenians liked that. In 1905-1907, 1918-1920, 1937, 1948-52 and 1988 they committed acts of terrorism against our nation. During the century we became victims of several open and confident acts of terrorism and exiles. Moreover, I can mention World Wars I and II. During those years Azeris suffered much from the atrocities of the Armenians. But we kept silent every time. We were forced to forget and we forgot everything.
    Many thanks to Mr. Heydar Aliyev, the President of the Azerbaijan Republic. He re-established the memory of our people in respect of the acts of terrorism and repressions. He created possibilities to study a true history.
    Armenians indicate false facts of history in their school-books. They do everything to cherish in the memory of future generation, false facts of history. While dying, Daronyan, famous Armenian writer addressed his people with the words, “Armenian if you saw and did not kill a poisoned snake you could be forgiven, but if you saw and did not kill a Turk you would not be forgiven by any Armenian”.
    These words indicate a wish of our thankless neighbors. We visited the grave of M. A. Rasulzada at the oldest Ankara cemetery. Near, that grave we saw graves of Turkish diplomats killed at their jobs by Armenian terrorists.
    39 Turkish diplomats were killed in different countries from January 27, 1973 to November 19, 1988. Their corpses were delivered to Turkey and they were buried in that cemetery. “Here are the graves of those killed by terrorists at their job places” — these are records written on their memorial monuments.
    I asked Turkish men, as if unaware, whether they knew by which terrorists this was done. “Of course Armenians,”-Yahya Dashdalan answered.
    Well, we can not ask that gentleman to accompany every visitor of this cemetery. We can no ask him to announce to everybody what was done by Armenians. The Turks wrote names of those killed and their dates of death on the memorials. Why not inform everybody about the guilty parties.
    While speaking about our enemies, it is necessary to point out that they teach their babies from their cradles that the Turks are the most severe enemy of Armenian.
    One of the Turkish gentlemen half in a joke but half in a serious way said that by mentioning names of Armenians in the records on memorials of victims would insult the spirits of those victims.
    Another gentleman supported my idea and said: “We had to indicate names of the guilty parties not only on the grave memorials. We should also indicate them in school-books so that our young generations are informed of enemies we met while defending our origin, nation and motherland.”
    A lot of people in our country think the same way. On February 28, 1906 at the meeting held in Tiflis near the Caucasian official Ahmad bay Agayev revealed and condemned the indifferent attitude of authorities towards the action of the “Dashnak” Party. He said: “Thus, there had been a 15 year old armed party. Nobody even in the government tried to prevent their atrocities. This party was even supported. So, we ourselves had to prevent these atrocities.”
    As a way of struggle Ahmad bay considered a suppression of terrorism. Thus, he decided to create “Difai” Party. Ganja was chosen as a motherland for this party. On the back way from Tiflis he stopped in Ganja. There he met with a progressive youth and intellectuals. He delivered a speech in a Mosque full of people. “Dear people of Ganja! We were impressed by last clash between Turks and Armenians. Neither Muslim religion nor humanity can accept such atrocities… Even wild animals did not allow themselves actions which were done by Armenians. There was no similar case in the history”.
    That evening Ahad bay and some intellectuals of Ganja (Alakbar Rafibayli, Alakbar and Alaskar Khasmammadov brothers, doctor Hasan Agayev and Nasib bay Usubbayov held a meeting. They came to a unanimous conclusion that “people had to be mobilized.” They did so and created “Difai”.
    In our 70 years of history and political resources “Difai” was considered as a party with an aim “to cause clashes between nations.” “Difai” increased very quickly. Several days later it was not possible to prevent the dissemination of proclamations calling on revenge. One of those proclamations ran: “The purpose of our party is to establish unity and sincere fraternity among the Caucasian parties. But if “Dashnak” Party continue its aggressive attacks on Muslims they will meet with severe response.”
    Immediately after Armenians felt in panicked and had to conclude a peace agreement. That peace lasted just 10 years. In 1918 Armenians got another beneficial situation.
    I would like to describe one of the scenes of 1906. It is from the memories of Omar Faig. I read a fragment of Omar Faig in Tifiis while preparing it for publication. I memorized this scene in my heart forever. Omar Faig wrote: “While passing across Vorontsov Bridge Turkish porters were thrown into river”. Thrown into water the drowning Turkish porters tried to do their best to survive. They were about to reach a shore but faced gun fire. Porters disappeared. Then the surface of the water was full of blood and corpses. It was the worst picture I had ever seen”.
    Such terrible scenes could be observed in almost all big Caucasian cities. Even women, children and old-aged people were not spared. In comparison with 1918 a tragedy of 1906 was not so terrible. A number of killed or brutally injured Azeris were much more increased in 1918. The situation was very difficult and the Azeris did not have guns. Well armed Armenian soldiers who came back from the Iranian front were concentrated in Baku. Leaders of those soldiers were Armenians. On March 30 the Defense Committee was established with the aim to coordinate the battle. A Committee headed by S. Shaumyan included Japaridze, Korganov, Saakyan, Yolchiyan and others. Baku was devastated within 3 days. This is a fragment from the memories of N. Narimanov: “Even if a Muslim was a bolshevik he was not spared. Dashnaks said that they did not recognize any difference whether a person was a bolshevik or not. If a person is a Muslim he should be killed. They killed everyone they wanted, destroyed and ruined every house they did not like. Using a cover of bolshevism Dashnaks were very brutal against Azeris – both women and men”. 12.000 of Azeri civilian were murdered in Baku, 7.000 in Shamakhi and the same number in Guba and other cities. Atrocities by Armenians were described by witnesses: insulted corpses of 57 Muslim women were found with their ears and noses, sex organs cut off, stomach tore off. During their massacres Armenians entered a house of 80 year old Haji Amir Aliyev and killed his old spouses (60 and 70 years old). They also cut into pieces a 3 year old baby and nailed a 25 year old woman to a wall.
    In this book “History of Azerbaijan Struggle for Independence” Huseyn Baygara wrote: “The massacre of Azeri Turks began in Baku on March 30, 31 and on April 1 disseminated around Shamakhi, Kurdamir, Salyan, Guba and Lankaran. Their next point of aggression was Ganja. They colluded with Armenians from Karabakh, joined forces and moved towards Ganja”.
    Cruelty and brutality of our enemies do not meet the norms of morality and humanity. We should not forget families burnt alive in Gazakh, burnt planes and helicopters in the sky of Garabag, our murdered brothers and sisters, fathers and mothers, our countrymen murdered in Khojaly and many others. These memories should always cause our hatred toward enemies.
    Our enemies will not be able to escape our revenge for that genocide. We should have revenge for each burnt village, each destroyed city and each murdered baby. We should try to do our best in this way.

    Azeri genocide

  • WILL THEY BE ALLOWED?

    WILL THEY BE ALLOWED?

    Below, please find a dear colleague letter issued by The Honorable Alcee L. Hastings in the U.S. Congress.

    It is not a secret that there has been a rapprochement between Turkey and Armenia since President Gul visited last September the latter for a soccer match between the respective national teams upon invitation from Armenia’s president.
    This has generated a flurry of activities and joint meetings, giving rise to expectations, perceived or real.
    Though it is known that there can be little advance in this area without resolving the Karabagh issue where Armenia forcibly occupies 20% of Azerbaijan proper along with Karabagh, talks went on.

    Armenia still covets neighbor’s territories in search of a utopia, the creation of greater Armenia: Western regions of Azerbaijan, eastern regions of Turkey, Javath region of Georgia, and others.

    Armenian constitution still refers to eastern Turkey as western Armenia. Armenia also denies the legitimacy of international agreements signed in 1921 between Turkey and Armenia, Turkey and Soviet Union, and others determining the borders between Turkey and Armenia.

    Another contentious issue is the Armenian insistence to characterize the 1915 events a genocide, totally ignoring Armenian propaganda, agitation, raids, terrorism, rebellions, territorial demands and treason, in that order, giving rise to 524,000 Muslims, mostly Turkish, which in turn triggered the TERESET (Temporary Resettlement order of May 27, 1915.)

    In an editorial dated March 10, 2009 in The California Courier, a anti-Turkish, racist Armenian journal, Harut Sassounian wrote the following:

    “… It is hard to believe that the Armenian government would invite the Turkish Foreign Minister to Armenia just one week before April 24. Mr. Babajan, a Genocide denialist and high-ranking official of a hostile country that is blockading Armenia, should never be welcomed in Yerevan, unless he intends to place a wreath at the Armenian Genocide Memorial Monument and offers an apology to the Armenian people!…”

    If such hostile and racist attitudes frequently and openly displayed by Armenian diaspora opinion makers are any yard stick, or if same are allowed to influence the current rapprochement, you can kiss good bye the latter.

    Let’s wait and see.

    ***

    From: The Honorable Alcee L. Hastings
    To: Colleagues
    Re: The Frozen Relations Between Armenia and Turkey are now Showing Some Signs of Melting

    March 9, 2009
    Dear Colleague,

    I am writing to bring to your attention a March 9th commentary in Newsweek, “The frozen relations between Armenia and Turkey are now showing some signs of melting,” by Grenville Byford, a regular contributor to the magazine and an affiliate of the Caspian Studies Program at Harvard University.

    Mr. Byford outlines the way forward to improve Turkish-Armenian relations. Most importantly he recognizes that improved relations between Turkey and Armenia would further U.S. objectives in the Caucasus and enhance regional energy security.

    I urge you to review the article and join with me in demonstrating strong Congressional support for continued Turkish-Armenian rapproachement.

    Sincerely,
    /s/
    Alcee L. Hastings
    Member of Congress
    ***
    THE FROZEN RELATIONS BETWEEN ARMENIA AND TURKEY ARE NOW SHOWING SOME SIGNS OF MELTING

    By Grenville Byford

    NEWSWEEK
    From the magazine issue dated Mar 9, 2009
    https://www.newsweek.com/grenville-byford-turkish-armenian-reconcilation-82299

    It’s almost April, so Washington is gearing up for another performance of the “Armenian Genocide Resolution Spectacular,” a regular event since 1984. Here’s the historical plotline: the Armenian-American lobby gets a few U.S. congressmen to sponsor a resolution recognizing the 1915 massacre of Armenians in what is now Eastern Turkey as a “genocide.” Then other members of the House are induced to support it. (Members of the House may not be history buffs, but they understand the importance of stroking a powerful domestic lobby.) Next, the Turkish government says Turkey is too important to be insulted like this. In response, the American administration, recognizing that Turkey is indeed a critical NATO ally whose Incirlik Air Base is vital to the Iraq mission, starts twisting congressional arms to abandon the resolution. Offstage, the Israeli lobby, generally keen to boost Turkish-Israeli relations (though less so this year), w! orks against the resolution. Finally, the House leadership reluctantly shelves the whole thing and the curtain falls.

    Before staging this year’s performance, however, Congress should note that hitherto frozen relations between Armenia and Turkey are now showing signs of melting, and that this may be the first step toward reconciling the Turkish and Armenian peoples. In September, Turkish President Abdullah Gül attended a Turkey-Armenia football match in Yerevan at the invitation of Armenian President Serzh Sargsyan, who recently met with Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan in Davos. The two foreign ministers, Turkey’s Ali Babacan and Armenia’s Eduard Nalbandian have also been meeting. Both have made optimistic noises.

    Progress has been possible because the Armenians have focused on the concrete issue of opening the Armenian-Turkish border—a vital matter to them since none of their other neighbors (Azerbaijan, Georgia and Iran) can offer a viable trade route to the West. Both sides have wisely avoided the genocide dispute, surely recognizing it will have to be dealt with eventually but that developing economic ties will make it easier to do so. Lingering in the background, however, is the Armenian diaspora’s passionate insistence that there was a genocide—and its mirror image in the fury of the Turkish people denying it. Right or wrong is not the point. No Turkish government could contemplate opening the Armenian border with this issue front and center, and Congress should recognize that a genocide resolution would put it there.

    In all probability, Turkey and Armenia can only resolve the genocide dispute if they recognize that “was it a genocide?” may be the ultimate question, but it is not the most important one today. To those aiming for reconciliation, two questions outrank it: what common facts can Turks and Armenians be brought to accept, and is the common ground sufficient for both sides to start binding up the wounds? To this end, Erdogan’s proposal to establish a joint historical commission should be pursued. Though Armenia has rejected the idea so far—largely because it is winning its argument on the world stage—the government has softened its stance recently. If the aim is reconciliation, persuading the Turks to abandon the blanket denial they are taught as schoolchildren is what counts.

    Progress is not as implausible as it sounds. In the early days of the Republic, Kemal Atatürk, who was not personally implicated, described the Armenian massacres as “shameful acts.” No ex-Ottoman officials were investigated, however, as Turkey needed the newly minted heroes of its War of Independence to have no stain on their characters. Today, Erdogan will accept an investigation. In return, Armenia must accept a reciprocal investigation into the Ottoman Armenians, who fought with the sultan’s Russian enemy, and their responsibility for massacres of Turks and Kurds. Weaving together these two violently opposed historical perspectives will take time and patience. As important as the final answer, however, is the development of empathy across the divide.

    Congress can help keep the path to reconciliation open if it is willing to deny the Armenian-American lobby the instant gratification of a genocide resolution. Surely doing so would be far better than repeating the exercises of the last 25 years over and over again until a resolution finally passes and all the House’s leverage over Turkey evaporates, along with most of the good will in the Turkish-American alliance, and maybe even the alliance itself. For its part, the Armenian diaspora might even support reconciliation if only as its second choice.
    Finally, good relations between Turkey and Armenia would further U.S. objectives in the Caucasus. The proposed hydrocarbon corridor through the Caucasus from Central Asia looks much more secure in the context of Turkish-Armenian friendship, and it might give Armenia the confidence to break with the status quo in the longstanding Nagorno-Karabakh dispute with neighboring Azerbaijan. C! ongress and others should recognize that this year holds real promise for the beginning of reconciliation between the Turkish and Armenian peoples. If nothing comes of it, Congress can always return to a resolution.

    Byford writes frequently on Turkish affairs and is a regular contributor to Newsweek.com.

  • STATE ASSEMBLY MEMBER OFFERS CONDOLENCE

    STATE ASSEMBLY MEMBER OFFERS CONDOLENCE

    Azerbaijan, Baku, 24 February 2009
    Trend News, E. Rustamov

    California State Assembly member Felipe Fuentes offered his condolences to the Azerbaijani people on the occasion of the 17th anniversary of the Khojali Genocide.

    Armenian troops committed genocide in the Khojali settlement in Nagorno-Karabakh on Feb. 26, 1992.

    Within hours after the troops entered Khojali, over 600 unarmed Azerbaijani citizens were killed. Among them were 106 women and 83 children. About 1,000 people were disabled by shots; 8 families were fully destroyed. A total of 25 children lost both of their parents and 130 children lost one of them. About 1,275 people were taken prisoner. Around 150 people went missing.

    Fuentes sent a letter to Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev offering his condolences on the tragic events, Azerbaijani Consul in Los Angeles Elin Suleymanov told Trend News in a telephone conversation on Feb. 24.

    “This is a very important event. Because there are many pro-Armenian officials in California. People around the world are gradually coming to understand that Armenians provide false information about the Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict,” Suleymanov said.

    The conflict between the two South Caucasus countries began in 1988 when Armenia made territorial claims against Azerbaijan. Armenian armed forces have occupied 20 percent of Azerbaijan since 1992, including the Nagorno-Karabakh region and 7 surrounding districts. Azerbaijan and Armenia signed a ceasefire agreement in 1994. The co-chairs of the OSCE Minsk Group – Russia, France, and the U.S. – are currently holding the peace negotiations.

    JOIN AZERBAIJANI-AMERICAN COMMUNITY TO COMMEMORATE THE KHOJALY TRAGEDY!

    A grave crime was committed against innocent Azerbaijani civilians by the Armenian army, on February 26, 1992, which became and remains the largest massacre of modern times in the region of South Caucasus and Caspian Basin. On that day, the military units of Armenia, seized the town of Khojaly, in the Nagorno-Karabakh region of Azerbaijan, and committed a massacre, which was the culmination of the Armenian aggression and occupation of Azerbaijan. On that day, the Armenian government’s efforts to rid Nagorno-Karabakh of its ethnically Azerbaijani population, resulted in almost 2,000 of innocent civilians, mostly women, children, and elderly, being killed, wounded, or taken hostage by the Armenian military forces.

    The crime against peaceful residents of Khojaly was condemned worldwide, including by the U.S. government, and broadly covered by national newspapers and magazines. Some of the American and Western journalists and groups who eye-witnessed or extensively covered the Khojaly massacre, were: Hugh Pope, Thomas Goltz, Tom DeWaal, and Human Rights Watch. Congressman Dan Burton (R-IN), a Ranking Member of the House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on the Western Hemisphere, had the following appeal: “This is not the ringing condemnation that the survivors of Khojaly deserve, but it is an important first step by an international community that has too long been silent on this issue. Congress should take the next step and I hope my colleagues will join me in standing with Azerbaijanis as they commemorate the tragedy of Khojaly. The world should know and remember.”

    February 26, 2009, is a Memorial Day for the people of Azerbaijan. All Azerbaijani people will forever remember where they were on February 26, 1992, like all Americans will forever remember where they were on the tragic morning of September 11, 2001. Having experienced terror firsthand, Azerbaijan has become a staunch ally of the United States in the War on Terror and a member of the Coalition, with Azerbaijani battle-ready peacekeepers serving side-by-side with Americans in Kosovo, Afghanistan and Iraq.

    In the wake of the 17th year anniversary of Khojali massacre, all Azerbaijani-Americans join in calling upon Congress to properly recognize and commemorate this tragedy (on the floor of the Congress, in the Congressional Record, and by attending a vigil), and to pressure the Armenian government to accept its responsibility for this massacre and withdraw its troops from the occupied regions of Azerbaijan.

    Click here for more on the Khojaly Massacre.

  • ETHICS GROUP ASKS FOR FEDERAL INVESTIGATION OF ARMENIAN ORGANIZATION

    ETHICS GROUP ASKS FOR FEDERAL INVESTIGATION OF ARMENIAN ORGANIZATION

    Armenian-American group accused of lobbying violations

    // 18 Feb 2009
    McClatchy Newspapers as published on MiamiHerald.com, SacramentoBee.com, AnchorageDailyNews.com

    18 Feb 2009 // Michael Doyle // Fresno Bee – WASHINGTON – A high-profile ethics organization on Wednesday asked federal agencies to investigate the Armenian National Committee of America for alleged campaign finance and lobbying violations.

    In a seven-page complaint, the Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington asserts the Armenian-American group failed to register either as a domestic lobbying group or as a foreign agent despite its political work and its close ties to an Armenian political party.

    The Armenian National Committee of America is one of the country’s most prominent ethnic organizations, and has worked closely with San Joaquin Valley lawmakers on Armenian genocide commemorative resolutions.

    “We’re not saying they should be out of business,” said Melanie Sloan, a former federal prosecutor who heads the private Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington. “We’re saying there are laws, and they should be following them.”

    Sloan attached 161 pages of exhibits in support of the allegations.

    Armenian National Committee of America officials denounced the charges as unfounded.

    “We’ve taken a preliminary look at [the] allegations, and they are without merit and full of inaccuracies and misrepresentations,” ANCA Communications Director Elizabeth Chouldjian said.

    Chouldjian declined to undertake a point-by-point rebuttal of the complaint, but she said “the real story is why this is being brought up now.” She noted the complaint was filed about two months before the annual April 24 Armenian genocide commemoration; she did not elaborate on a potential motive for the complaint’s timing.

    The Armenian National Committee of America describes itself on its web site as “the largest and most influential Armenian American grassroots political organization.” It is active in regions with large Armenian-American populations, including New Jersey, Florida and California.

    Currently, Rep. George Radanovich, R-Mariposa, and other ANCA allies are rallying renewed support for an Armenian genocide resolution that collapsed last Congress. Under presidents of both parties, the Pentagon and State Department have opposed the resolution as an insult to Turkey, which denies that mass deaths between 1915 and 1923 amounted to a genocide.

    “Circumstantial evidence indicates that ANCA and its current or former executive directors … have lobbied Congress and the executive branch heavily with regard to perennial congressional Armenian genocide resolutions,” the complaint states.

    The complaint cites interviews and press releases, in which ANCA leaders tout their efforts to sway Sen. Bill Nelson, D-Fla., among others.

    The Armenian National Committee of America has not registered as a lobbyist with either the House or Senate. Failure to register can be a felony offense, though Sloan said potential problems are often resolved simply by registering after the fact.

    The Armenian Assembly of America, the nation’s other prominent Armenian-American organization, is registered and reported spending $182,000 on lobbying last year.

    “These are the rules, and everybody has to follow them,” Sloan said.

    The complaint asks the Internal Revenue Service to review potential tax violations and the Justice Department to open a criminal probe. The complaint also asks the House and Senate to open “companion inquiries” into the lobbying allegations.

    Citing press accounts, a U.S. embassy study and the research of Heather Gregg, a professor at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, the complaint contends ANCA is “an arm” of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation. The latter is a political party that is part of Armenia’s ruling coalition.

    Agents of foreign political parties are required to register with the Justice Department. ANCA can endorse political candidates, as a group organized under section 501 (c)(4) of the federal tax code. The affiliated ANCA-Western Region, based in Glendale, cannot because it is a 501 (c)(3) organization. The complaint alleges the Western Region office nonetheless participated in the national organization’s candidate endorsements, in part by sharing a Web site.

    Sloan said the complaint arose from a tip received late last year.

    Sloan’s non-profit, six-year-old ethics group claims no partisan affiliation and has previously filed ethics complaints about both Democratic and Republican lawmakers. Its past targets have ranged from former Tracy area GOP congressman Richard Pombo to former Vice President Dick Cheney.

    A WORD FROM CREW EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR MELANIE SLOAN
    “ Since 2003, CREW has closely monitored government ethics, bringing egregious conduct to light and holding public officials accountable for their misconduct. On our website you’ll find exhaustively investigated reports on corruption prepared by our research staff, high-impact lawsuits filed by our legal team, as well as the latest national ethics news. Thank you for your support. “
    Melanie Sloan, Executive Director
    WALLS ARE GETTING CLOSER AROUND THE ARMENIAN FALSIFIERS
    For decades, the Armenians lobbies lied, cheated, falsified, deceived, begged, screamed, demanded, and destroyed, without shame, remorse, or consequences. I don’t know about the first two, but it seems, the last item is finally being taken care of.
    I want to know, for instance, if, when, and how much financial help these Armenian front organizations provided to some vile politicians known for their passionate support of bogus Armenian genocide and how those monies helped shape American policy toward Armenian and Turkey. That would be a gross violation of US laws that say non-profit NGOs cannot engage in politics in a manner to influence policy or support candidates .
    Armenians falsifiers arrogantly and shamelessly made the bed; now they should lie in it!