Category: UK

  • Who Was the Greatest Commander to Face the British?

    Who Was the Greatest Commander to Face the British?

    Help us decide which five military leaders are represented at Enemy Commanders: Britain’s Greatest Foes, a celebrity speaker event on Saturday 14 April 2012. Find out more about the shortlist and how to place your vote.

    • Akbar Khan
    • Andrew Jackson
    • Eduard Totleben
    • Erwin Rommel
    • George Washington
    • James Fitzjames, Duke of Berwick
    • Louis Botha
    • Maurice de Saxe
    • Michael Collins
    • Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
    • Napoleon Bonaparte
    • Ntshingwayo kaMahole
    • Osman Digna
    • Paul von Hindenburg
    • Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck
    • Rani of Jhansi
    • Riwha Titokowaru
    • Santiago de Liniers
    • Tipu Sultan
    • Tomoyuki Yamashita

    ataturkMustafa Kemal Atatürk

    Dates: 1881-1938

    “I don’t order you to fight, I order you to die. In the time it takes us to die, other troops and commanders can come and take our places.”

    Mustafa Kemal at Gallipoli, April 1915

    A seasoned veteran of the Balkan Wars, Kemal fought a tenacious defensive campaign at Gallipoli in 1915 which forced the Allied invasion force to withdraw. He would later become the ‘Father of modern Turkey’.

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    Mustafa Kemal was born in Salonika and began his military career as an Ottoman Army cadet, studying at the Harbiye military college in Istanbul from 1899 until 1905. His initial service was with a cavalry regiment in Syria. During this period he joined the reformist Motherland and Liberty secret society in opposition to Sultan Abd al Hamid II. Although he believed in the separation of the military from politics, Kemal was a member of the Committee of Union and Progress and played a role in the ‘Young Turk’ Revolution that ended the sultan’s absolutist rule and restored parliament.

    Kemal served with distinction in Tripolitania (Libya) during the Italo-Turkish War (1911-12), repelling the Italians at Tobruk and successfully defending Derna despite being wounded in an air raid. During the Balkan Wars (1912-13), he took part in the Turkish amphibious landing in Thrace and the capture of Erdine from the Bulgarians. In 1913 he was made Ottoman military attaché to all Balkan states and promoted to colonel.

    Despite opposing Ottoman involvement in the First World War, once it had started he threw himself wholeheartedly into the conflict. During the Dardanelles campaign Kemal commanded the 19th Division before being made chief of staff of the 5th Army. He displayed great leadership and tactical acumen, reacting immediately to the Allied landing at Anzac Cove in April 1915. He launched successful counter-attacks against the Australians and New Zealanders as they attempted to take the high ground surrounding the landing areas. By nightfall on 25 April they had suffered over 2,000 casualties and remained stuck on the beaches.

    In the weeks that followed he led his men at many of the campaign’s fiercest engagements, including the Battle of Sari Bair (6-21 August), the Battle of Chunuk Bair at Anzac (7-19 August) and the offensive from Sulva at Scimtar Hill (21 August). Following these battles he was granted the title of ‘Pasha’. Personally brave, Kemal expected the same from his men, declaring: ‘I don’t order you to fight, I order you to die. In the time it takes us to die, other troops and commanders can come and take our places.’

    Following these triumphs, Kemal was sent to command XVI Corps on the eastern Anatolian front. In August 1916 he launched a successful counter-offensive against the Russians, capturing Bitlis and Mus. When the Russian Army of the Caucasus collapsed during the Revolution of 1917, Kemal was transferred to Palestine. He was given command of the 7th Army, but following the loss of Baghdad, he became increasingly fearful that the war was lost.

    He also expressed anger at a government that was unable to supply his men with adequate weapons and supplies, and resented the transfer of supreme command from Turkish generals to the German Erich von Falkenhayn and Otto Liman von Sanders. After resigning his command in protest he accompanied the Crown Prince to Germany, visiting the Western Front and concluding that the Central Powers were defeated. Restored to his command by the new sultan, Mehed VI, he ended the war in Aleppo after his army was forced to retreat following the Battle of Megiddo.

    With the Ottoman capital occupied by the Allies, most of the Balkans gone and Turkey bereft of its Arab provinces, Kemal felt a personal duty to fight for the integrity of the remaining Turkish heartland of Anatolia. Posted in 1919 as inspector general of the army in northern Anatolia, he quickly started to act independently, resigning from the Ottoman Army and helping to arouse nationalist feeling in the aftermath of the Greek landing at Smyrna. The First Great National Assembly at Ankara, now a rival power bloc to the Ottoman government in Istanbul, gathered in spring 1920 with Kemal as speaker. It later elected him president.

    In 1921 the Greeks advanced from Smyrna, but were held before Ankara at the Battle of Sakarya in August-September. Following this success, Kemal was made commander-in-chief with the rank of marshal. He went on the offensive the following year, capturing Smyrna in September and forcing the Greeks to evacuate Anatolia.

    A skilled statesmen as well as a great soldier, at the subsequent Treaty of Lausanne (1923) Kemal was given a Turkey in Anatolia free of foreign troops and full control of the straits. Anger at the weakness and defeatism of the sultan in Istanbul led him to work for the abolition of the sultanate in 1922, the proclamation of a republic in 1923, and the abolition of the caliphate in 1924. As ‘Atatürk’ (Father of the Turkish Nation), Kemal steered Turkey through a period of turmoil, but it emerged as a modern secular state, with a neutral foreign policy, planned economy, westernised education system and a strong army.

    Hard in battle, Kemal was nevertheless gracious to his enemies, later writing of the Allied soldiers killed at Gallipoli: ‘Those heroes that shed their blood and lost their lives… You are now lying in the soil of a friendly country. Therefore rest in peace. There is no difference between the Johnnies and the Mehmets to us where they lie side by side now here in this country of ours… you, the mothers, who sent their sons from faraway countries wipe away your tears; your sons are now lying in our bosom and are in peace. After having lost their lives on this land. They have become our sons as well.’

  • Violent clients, traumatised victims, late payment – the life of a court interpreter

    Violent clients, traumatised victims, late payment – the life of a court interpreter

    Very few people know what the job of a professional court interpreter involves. ALS is trying to get it done on the cheap

    Magdalena Glowacka

    The interpreter s story
    Mirela Watson says the new arrangements could lead to a miscarriage of justice. Photograph: Graham Turner for the Guardian

    Very few people know what the life of a professional interpreter is like. I have worked as a Polish interpreter for a number of years, and although I am probably not the most experienced person in the field, I have worked long enough to find the deal under which the Ministry of Justice has contracted Applied Language Solutions to supply all linguistic services in English and Wales unacceptable. We are not too greedy or proud to accept the new rules. We can see how how flawed they are.

    Only very few professions require someone to be totally flexible – and I mean totally. I no longer recall how many times I have been called in the middle of the night to come down to a police station to interpret for someone in custody, or to assist with a witness statement, nor how many times I have had to call off a meeting with people I care about because the job comes first.

    How many professionals have to deal with a beaten and traumatised wife, a woman pushed onto a railway track by her loved one on Valentine’s Day, a small girl raped by her stepbrother, or a man who had been raped in prison? How many of you have had to deal with the threats of being stabbed because the client didn’t realise the interpreter was there to help him? I have. People have vomited on my suit. I have stepped into puddles of urine on a cell floor. Nobody warned me that I would have to deal with such situations. I had to learn how to cope with them.

    Only people who have been done this job for a number of years know what it is like to stand in the witness box for hours as a defendant is cross-examined, or how it feels when your client is mentally ill and talking nonsense or insulting the judge. It takes strength and courage to interpret their words into English. Only a professional interpreter knows what it is like to sit in the dock next to someone charged with murder or an offence involving serious violence.

    Nobody else really knows that it is extremely difficult job, which carries incredible responsibility, and which is emotionally exhausting. Some critics of the interpreters who are protesting about the new system have no idea of what the job involves. Let’s take the payments. Although the rates of pay were decent, they were never good. The old national agreement that used to regulate our work stipulated that we should be paid within six weeks for each job. I can barely ever remember being paid within that time. On countless occasions I have awaited payment for months. Most Christmases, I was totally cashless due to the fact that the court staff was too busy to sort out the payments before the end of the year. I no longer remember how many times I have had to chase courts for money, remembering not to be too harsh so I might be booked again. On numerous occasions I came to court to interpret for one client and ended up interpreting for three or more during the day, or was put in a position when I had to interpret for two or three defendants in the same proceedings because of ‘cost savings’.

    I do not want to hurt anybody’s feelings, but there have been a number of occasions when I was paid just for coming to court and once I arrived there turned out to be more than one interpreter booked for one case – or a case was simply discontinued and nobody bothered to cancel the interpreter. Those sorts of things are never mentioned when the cost to the taxpayer of interpreting services is quoted. And we pay taxes too.

    We are not too proud to work for ALS, although perhaps we should be – given that they require us to work for the same rates as people without any qualification whatsoever that would entitle them to work as an interpreter in the old system. We just feel it is not right. Besides, lots of professional interpreters did not just acquire the recommended minimum qualification under the previous system, which is a Diploma in Public Service Interpreting and 400 hours of experience. Many hold at least one masters’ degree, if not more, in translation, conference interpreting or law, as well as attending conferences and short courses.

    To be completely frank, the system was not working well, but we were doing a good job. We were helping people to communicate with their lawyers. We were the ones who explained to people how the UK court system works. When they were not represented, for whatever reason, we very often acted as psychotherapists – listening to the problems of complete strangers and dealing with personal tragedies. Sometimes we were asked for small change for a ticket home, something to eat or a cigarette, or a client asked if they could make a call from our mobiles at our expense. Try telling someone who is, like you, a foreigner in this country and in a seemingly hopeless situation that “it’s not my job” to agree to these requests.

    I have a confession to make. Apart from being an interpreter, I also work as an examiner for a body that was providing the necessary qualifications to perform this job. Each year I have been told that I cannot pass anybody whom I would not trust to act as my interpreter, if I could not speak English. This was, until recently, a minimum standard threshold for all professional interpreters. I don’t know what standards will operate under the new system, but from what I have heard they are considerably below that threshold. Anyone who can hire someone who can simply speak two languages, at times very poorly, has no idea of the importance of interpreting within the criminal justice system.

    So it is not that we do not want to work for ALS: in spite of all these drawbacks, most of us love the job. But we do need recognition and respect for the job we have been doing. Put simply, the current offer is ludicrous.

    Interpreters are holding a protest outside the Commons this afternoon about the ALS contract with the Ministry of Justice

    www.guardian.co.uk, 15 March 2012

  • BAGIS SAYS IN LONDON: “EUROPE MUST BE A COSMOPOLITAN, MULTICULTURAL, MULTILINGUAL AND MULTI-FAITH UNION.”

    BAGIS SAYS IN LONDON: “EUROPE MUST BE A COSMOPOLITAN, MULTICULTURAL, MULTILINGUAL AND MULTI-FAITH UNION.”

    E BagisAs a part of his visits in London, the capital city of England, the Minister for EU Affairs and Chief Negotiator Egemen Bagis made a speech titled “Creating a Common Future Together: Towards a Visionary Europe” in London School of Economics (LSE), one of the leading universities of the United Kingdom.

    Bagis said: “Today, we must discuss the future of Europe. Europe must be a cosmopolitan, multicultural, multilingual and multi-faith union. Although it has been going through hard times both economically and politically, the EU is the biggest peace project in the history of humanity and that’s why, Turkey intends to be a member of this Union”.

    In his speech, stressing that the EU had to keep up with the developments in the changing world, Bagis also mentioned Turkey’s economic growth. Stating that a great number of Muslims lived in Europe and the perception as “Europe is a club of Christians” was not valid anymore, he said: “The fact that Turkey is a Muslim country is an advantage for Europe”.

    Pointing out that Turkey would play a key role for Europe to become a global actor, Bagis said: “Many countries consider Turkey as a source of inspiration”. Stating that the new motto of Turkey throughout its accession process is “Hold tight Europe, Turkey is coming to save you”, he added: “The membership of Turkey will not make the EU pie smaller, but bigger”. Mentioning that Europe needed new markets and Turkey would be a solution within this respect, Bagis said: “The cosmopolitan approach of Turkey towards the global problems will help to make Europe a cosmopolitan union and Europe will turn into a better place with the accession of Turkey”.

     

     

     

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  • Istanbul childhood inspires Yasemin’s every delicate cut | This is Gloucestershire

    Istanbul childhood inspires Yasemin’s every delicate cut | This is Gloucestershire

    homeYASEMIN Wigglesworth pours over her subject, intently focusing and using her surgeon’s scalpel with perfect precision to carry out her operation with extreme care.

    A wobble from her hands or a moment’s lack in concentration will prove detrimental to her work.

    ​Yasemin Wigglesworth and her Horns Road cemetery paper cut.

    Her subject may not be alive – it’s only a piece of recycled paper or a wall paper off cut – yet within a few hours it takes on a life of its own, transformed into an amazing piece of craft.

    Yasemin is well practised in the ancient art of paper cutting – an elegant art form that dates almost as far back as the creation of paper itself.

    Before me is a large intricately cut symmetrical pattern set against a rich turquoise background.

    It resembles an exquisite Turkish rug, only it is made from paper instead of wool and the whole piece has been cut in one go. There are no joins, no cut marks and no mistakes.

    The precision is quite extraordinary. And the result, a taste of sophistication.

    Next to it are smaller pieces, simpler in design yet this time cut out of wall paper, so elements of random colour creep in.

    For the simplest of outline – such as the silhouettes of two embracing flamingos – Yasemin uses more exotic papers such as Japanese Washi paper or elaborately patterned off cuts.

    A selection of her one-off pieces, including one especially designed for Stroud, will be on show at her solo exhibition at the Star Anise arts cafe from March 5 for four weeks, so customers can enjoy studying her intricate work over a cup of coffee or delicious lunch. Her Stroud design, incidentally, depicts the Horns Road cemetery.

    “It’s where my boys have grown up riding their bikes and scooters around the church, with The Heavens in the middle and the farmers’ market at the bottom. This is everything we love about Stroud,” admits Yasemin, who lives with husband Tom and their sons Charlie, six, and Jonah, four. She hopes to sell a print of this special Stroud design at the town’s award-winning farmers’ market in Cornhill.

    Yasemin’s paper cuts are sold at the Handmaids stall every second and fourth Saturday of the month. She is one of nine artists and makers who make up this successful collaboration set up in 2009 by actress and artist Tamsin Malleson.

    Yasemin’s early childhood was spent in Istanbul before her parents moved to Cambridgeshire. Yet the impression of grapevines, orange trumpet flowers, rich pattern and the familiarity of Turkish colour, textures and the country’s skilled craftsmanship have clearly been a key influence in her artwork.

    The V&A Museum, the famous Arts and Crafts Movement and William Morris’ philosophy of having “nothing in your houses that you do not know to be useful or believe to be beautiful,” have also played their part.

    Little did Yasemin realise that, in moving to Stroud with Tom’s job five years ago, she was coming to a place heavily influenced by the Arts and Crafts.

    “The Turks are amazing craftspeople. My mum and dad’s house is full of Turkish rugs and artefacts and their designs have influenced my work.

    “I have grown up with Iznik pottery – highly decorated ceramics – and I realise that some of the birds I have cut look remarkably like those you would see in the illustrations of a Turkish children’s book.

    “Turquoise is very much a Turkish colour and I do use that a lot,” she explains.

    “I totally believe what the Arts and Crafts Movement was about. I think I got tired of seeing reproduced works. I feel everyone should be able to have a piece of original art in their homes.”

    As I talk to her I am sitting on a sofa which is covered in a beautiful cream throw, lovingly crocheted by her grandmother. Her grandfather is also an artist as is Yasemin’s mother, who helped ignite the passion for papercutting by giving her a book when her youngest son was a baby.

    While the children are at school she quietly plans and cuts designs – inspired by nature, wildlife and birds – for six hours every day. Her tools of the trade are simple – a surgeon’s scalpel, paper, Radio 4 and her sketchbook. Self-discipline, motivation and patience of course also come into it.

    There’s a sense of order and calmness in her home which helps provide the right environment.

    “I find paper cutting really therapeutic. I work from sketches I have done in my sketchbook and do a couple of cuts on rough before I make the original.

    “I have had to move the desk though into the corner because I was getting distracted by the lovely views across the Brimscombe valley,” jokes Yasemin.

    As she has meticulously and faithfully built up her impressive portfolio of paper cuts, notable organisations and galleries have started to take note. Some of Yasemin’s designs will be published as greetings cards by Museums and Galleries Marketing Ltd this year as part of its Illustrators and Christmas Fayre ranges.

    Her work can also be seen in the Moreton Gallery, Moreton-in-Marsh; Arcadia Gallery, Cambridge; The Fiery Beacon Gallery, Painswick; Itch Gallery, Oakham; Heart Gallery, Hebden Bridge and Shorelines of Cowes, Cowes.

    For information visit her website www.cutsafinefigure.co.uk. The Handmaids appear at Stroud Farmer’s Market this Saturday.

    via Istanbul childhood inspires Yasemin’s every delicate cut | This is Gloucestershire.

  • FORMER WORLD BANKER WOLFENSOHN MAKES STUNNING CONFESSION

    FORMER WORLD BANKER WOLFENSOHN MAKES STUNNING CONFESSION

    WOLFENSOHNTHE VIDEO EVERYONE NEEDS TO SEE, BUT FOR DIFFERENT REASONS… THE FORMER PRESIDENT OF THE WORLD BANK, JAMES WOLFENSOHN, MAKES STUNNING CONFESSIONS AS HE ADDRESSES GRADUATE STUDENTS AT STANFORD UNIVERSITY. HE REVEALS THE INSIDE HAND OF WORLD DOMINATION FROM PAST, TO THE PRESENT AND INTO THE FUTURE. THE SPEECH WAS MAS MADE JANUARY 11TH, 2010. THE NEXT 19 MINUTES MAY OPEN YOUR MIND TO A VERY DELIBERATE WORLD.

    HE TELLS THE GRAD STUDENTS WHAT’S COMING, A “TECTONIC SHIFT” IN WEALTH FROM THE WEST TO THE EAST. BUT HE DOESN’T TELL THE STUDENTS THAT IT IS HIS INSTITUTION, THE WORLD BANK, THAT’S DIRECTING AND CHANNELING THESE CHANGES.

    WOLFENSOHN’S OWN INVESTMENT FIRM IS IN CHINA, POISED TO PROFIT FROM THIS “IMMINENT SHIFT” IN GLOBAL WEALTH.

  • BBC defends decision to censor the word “Palestine”‎

    BBC defends decision to censor the word “Palestine”‎

    What rapper Mic Righteous was actually trying to say was ‘Free Palestine’. But Palestine, it seems, is now a dirty word on the BBC.

    Press TV’s Hassan Ghani reports from London: