Category: Central Asia

  • Uzbekistan celebrates the 20th Anniversary of its Constitution

    Uzbekistan celebrates the 20th Anniversary of its Constitution

    Address by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan

    H.E. Mr. Islam Karimov at the Grand Meeting

    dedicated to the 20th Anniversary of the Constitution

    of the Republic of Uzbekistan

     

    Dear friends!

    Distinguished guests!

    These days we are celebrating the landmark date in the modern history of Uzbekistan– the 20th anniversary of adoption of the Constitution, the Main Law which has laid a legal foundation of building a democratic state with market economy and civil society.

    The entire course of a progressive development of Uzbekistan throughout the years of independence strongly confirms the enormous potential of our Constitution and that its principles, provisions and norms were deeply thought-out, consistent and credible.

    During the historically short period of time Uzbekistan once one of the least developed republics of the former Soviet Union by its potential and living standards has grown to a sustainable and steadily developing country with a modern diversified economy that ensures a radical growth of well-being and quality of life of population, as well as a confident advancement along the path of democratic renewal and progress.

    It is truly hard to imagine that despite the huge problems and hardships, challenges and trials we had to overcome, during 20 years Uzbekistan’s economy has grown more than 3,5 times, the gross domestic product per capita – 2,5 times, while we should keep in mind that the country’s population during this period has grown almost by 9 million people and now approaches to 30 million.

    Suffice it to say that despite the ongoing global financial and economic crisis since 2008, among few countries in the world, in 2008-2012 the annual GDP growth made up not less than 8,2 percent in Uzbekistan. We have ensured the steady and balanced macroeconomic parameters, the surplus of the State budget and balance of payments, the growth of exports and official reserves. According to the Asian Development Bank, during the last three years the incomes of the country’s population have grown three-fold.

    Today I believe there is no need to say that the principles and norms stipulated in our Constitution and the Uzbek model of development chosen by us and acclaimed throughout the world were assumed as a basis of the reforms and modernization of the country which are deep by their content and grandiose by their scale.

    First of all, we are speaking about implementation of the concept of evolutionary development, de-ideologization of the economy, gradual democratic reforms, ensuring rule of law, recognition of a regulatory role of state as a principal reformer, implementation of the strong social policies with due consideration of specific peculiarities of our country.

    This is a result of the deeply forethought reforms that meet the modern democratic requirements and aimed at creating a political system based on the principles of checks and balances, separation of functions and powers of legislative, executive and judicial branches of power, as well as reinforcing the role of political parties.

    This refers to rejection of a centralized planning-distributive Soviet system and transition to generally accepted principles of free market economy, securing inviolability of private ownership as a crucial priority of Uzbekistan’s strategic development.

    This also refers to ensuring accelerated and rapid development of small business and private entrepreneurship, establishing on this basis the middle class which now stands as the most important and decisive social strata of the society, guarantor of social and political stability and an active driving force along the path of reforms and modernization of the country.

    We can draw upon many more vital factors that have conditioned and provided fast growth and establishment of Uzbekistan as an independent and sovereign state with developing democratic, socio-political and civil institutions and where the true value remains to be a human being, his rights, interests and freedoms.

    Along with this, we well realize that democratization and liberalization, building a state principally new for us are not one-time but a long-run and continuous process which is not limited by a time-frame.

    The Concept of further deepening the democratic reforms and establishing the civil society in the country, adopted by the Parliament in November 2010, is a logical and naturally determined continuation of the process of democratic renewal and modernization launched since the early days of Uzbekistan’s independence.

    Proceeding from the principle of implementing the phased reforms on the basis of consistency and continuity of evolutionary development, the Concept, as a matter of fact, stands as a long-term national Strategy of realization of the paramount priorities of social, political and economic reforms in the conditions of dramatic changes taking place in the world.

    Not extensive but substantial experience gained during the years of our independent development does confirm that it is only well-grounded course and consistent reforms based on justified models of democratic transformations, consideration of historical and concrete realities of contemporary world can ensure success and efficiency of these reforms, as well as the steadiness and necessary growth rates of the state and society, and population’s living standards.

    Any artificial forcing of democratic reforms for the sake of some ambitions and wishful thinking, as a rule, leads to reverse results as it can be observed in many examples.

    The Program to implement the aforesaid Concept envisages more than 50 draft laws and legal acts, and by now the Parliament of the country has adopted 12 laws and more than 30 laws are now being considered and discussed with involvement of a broad public, including foreign expert organizations.

    The Law “On introducing amendments and addenda to the particular articles of the Constitution of theRepublicofUzbekistan(articles 78, 80, 93, 96, 98)” of 2011 served as the most important document in the sphere of democratization of state power and governance. This Law is aimed at ensuring more balanced distribution of constitutional authorities among the President – the Head of state, legislative and executive branches of power. It was introduced the institute of vote of no confidence in the Prime Minister; the significant powers were delegated from the President to Senate – the Upper Chamber of the Parliament and the Cabinet of Ministers of the country; the authorities of local legislative councils were considerably expanded.

    The current legislation shall be further improved thanks to the amendments to the laws adopted by the Parliament “On elections to the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan” and “On elections to the regional, district and municipal Kengashes of people’s deputies”, as well as the legislative acts on reforming and liberalization of the judicial system and expanding the sphere of application of Habeas corpus institute, implementation of the provisions of the Concept in the sphere of reforming the information system and ensuring freedom of speech, in particular, in the system of information and communication technologies and television, which play a decisive role in political modernization of the country.

    The adoption of such laws as “On normative-legal acts”, “On social partnership”, “On public control”, “On transparency of activity of bodies of state power and governance” and other legal acts will stimulate dynamic development of civil society, strengthening of its role in protecting constitutional rights and interests of people, transparency of activity of governing structures and informing the population about administrative decisionmaking.

    It is difficult to overestimate the role and significance of the Law adopted this year “On protection of private ownership and guarantees of proprietors’ rights” which secures the key principle of the priority of owners’ rights. From now on all emerging contradictions and ambiguities in the legislation in terms of mutual relations between a proprietor and state bodies must be resolved in favor of the proprietor.

    The active laws in new wording “On family entrepreneurship”, “On competition”, “On guarantees of free entrepreneurship” and the decrees of the President adopted on their basis, namely “On measures to further improve business climate and provide more freedom to entrepreneurship” and “On measures to radically cut statistical, tax and financial reports, licensed types of activity and permissive procedures”, as well as other adopted decisions must become a guarantee for a sustainable development, diversification and modernization of the country’s economy and creation for this purpose of a favorable business climate and improvement of the attractiveness of the investment climate in the country.

    It is of a special importance to provide monitoring of implementation of all of these legislative acts and legal norms aimed at comprehensive support and protection of the interests of business and private entrepreneurship in the national, external and world markets given the aggravation of the global crisis.

    Dear friends!

    I think that dwelling upon all measures on deepening the democratic reforms and developing the civil society inUzbekistanwould take too much time and it is obvious there is no need to do so.

    Today it is much more important to realize and assess to what extent the laws and legal documents adopted and being passed in our country and, in general, everything what we do in our practical life ensure the rapid pace of the country’s development and modernization, as well as bring us closer to our prime goal – Uzbekistan’s joining the ranks of the developed and democratic nations of the world.

    It would not be an exaggeration to say that among the key factors that ensure our dynamic development, there are no doubt, the changes taking place in the minds and worldview of our people, their attitude towards life and labor, as well as their growing political and legal culture.

    We are getting rid of the burden and legacy of the totalitarian past, our people well understand how rapidly the modern world surrounding us is changing and comprehend their responsibility for the country’s future.

    In short, our people clearly realize at what cost and at the expense of what uneasy ordeals and hardships we have achieved today’s frontiers, and what is especially important, without giving way to euphoria, make consistent and confident steps along the road of integration to the world democratic community.

    And we do know what is our main buttress and decisive power in achieving the set goals.

    The education system established practically anew, which is unique by its form and substance and raises a keen interest in the international arena, is already bearing fruits. Annually, more than 600 thousand young people of totally new generation enter the real life.

    This is our educated, intellectually developed and vocationally trained youth with a new way of thinking who are devoted to the interests of their country and the people.

    Dear friends!

    The dynamic processes and changing situation in the modern world, aggravation of the existing and emergence of the new conflict situations, the growing standoff in the certain regions on interethnic and inter-religious differences, the continuing global financial-economic crisis and its consequences put on the agenda the serious challenges and threats.

    The threat of proliferation of the nuclear technologies and weapons of mass destruction, the growth of intolerance, radicalism and extremism, and the appearance of the new hotbeds of tension arouse yet greater alarm in the world community.

    I think today there is no need to speak that in the condition of globalization all these processes may well have a negative impact on security, stability and sustainable development of our region where the interests of the biggest states of the world cross.

    We cannot but be seriously concerned by a possible further escalation of the situation, real threat of activization of terrorism, extremism and drug trafficking in neighboring Afghanistan and beyond due to the forthcoming withdrawal of the ISAF coalition forces before and after 2014.

    It is not ruled out that such a scenario of development of events may lead to transformation of the confronting forces into an interethnic and regional standoff, and will open up a way for a new round of the civil war in Afghanistan. Many respected experts share this view.

    We strongly believe that in the unfolding situation to prevent such a negative development of events there is the most acceptable option, and it has been discussed for a long time, – to form the Contact Group under the UN auspices with participation of the countries neighboring on Afghanistan, as well as the United States, NATO and Russia.

    The major objective of this Group is to achieve a compromise among rival forces and establish the coalition Afghan government where the main ethnic, national and religious groups of Afghanistan would find their place.

    There is no any worthy alternative to this decision.

    Uzbekistan is building and will build its relations with neighboring Afghanistan on bilateral basis with due consideration of national interests of both countries and showing respect to the choice of the Afghan people in terms of the future of their country.

    These very approaches are stipulated in the Law “On approval of the Concept of foreign policy activity of the Republic of Uzbekistan” of September 2012, which has drawn a wide response from the international community.

    The Concept defines the fundamental principles and strategic priorities of our state in the international arena and stands as a logical continuation of the strategy carried out by Uzbekistan since the first years of independence.

    Pursuing, first of all, its long-term national interests, which are the core value and principle of the country’s foreign policy, Uzbekistan clearly declares the following:

    Uzbekistanshall keep distance from various military-political blocs and alliances; about its firm position on protection of its sovereignty and territorial integrity; about rejection of deployment of foreign military bases on its territory and about conducting independent, consistent and active foreign policy.

     

    Uzbekistanshall not allow its involvement in various standoffs for ideological reasons and participation in military conflicts and hotbeds of tension in the neighboring states and territories.Uzbekistanshall be a strong supporter of the principle of good-neighborliness and peaceful settlement of emerging disputes.

    In the complex conditions of the situation unfolding in the region, in the conditions of growing confrontation in the near and far surroundings, it is only such a foreign policy that may well meet the true wishes and aspirations of our nation to preserve peace and prosperity of the country, ensure the conditions necessary to live in accord and mutual understanding with neighboring countries and nations.

    I am convinced that everyone present in this hall will agree with such an agenda that we have set forward. I am convinced that our people will support this policy.

    Dear friends!

    Declaration of the year 2012 as “The Year of Family” in our country and our decision to further develop on this basis the institute of family, which for over the span of centuries served as a pillar of our life and resolute component of our society, was welcomed by our people with a great enthusiasm.

    All of us are well aware that naming this year envisaged the implementation of noble plans on further strengthening and enhancing the well-being of a family which embodies the eternity of life, happiness of each and every human being, his future, dreams and aspirations, as well as elevation of all of our works in this sphere to a new level.

    I believe that the implementation of the State Program adopted in this connection, the outcomes of the large-scale measures envisaged in it, their practical impact and efficiency will be, certainly, extensively discussed in detail at the meetings on the local levels by the end of the year.

    Today, with your permission, I think it is necessary to briefly dwell upon our work on the major and priority directions which reflect the substance and essence of this Program.

    First of all, it is worth noting that a special attention was paid to the tasks of further development and improvement of legislation and legal framework related to strengthening the institute of family.

    These tasks include the development of family business and creation of its legal framework which is a call of the times, as well as the introduction of amendments and addenda to the Family Code, adoption of the Law “On Trusteeship and Sponsorship” and number of other laws.

    Throughout the year such crucial issues as enhancing the attention and care to family, primarily the young ones, their legal and social protection, giving them an extensive material and moral support have remained in the focus of our attention.

     

    For this purpose the government adopted the resolution “On additional measures to extend social support to young families”. Based on this document, in 2012-2013 100 multi-storey residential buildings with 48 apartments each for young families are being constructed.

    In 2012 alone 2,400 apartments were commissioned, while the same number of apartments shall be built next year. To create favorable conditions to purchase such apartments, 15 year-long soft mortgage loans worth 210 billion soums were allocated to thousands of young families.

    The allocation by commercial banks of micro-credits worth nearly 80 billion soums to raise well-being and income sources of families and the micro-credits worth nearly 47 billion soums to fund the business projects of vocational college graduates will also serve these noble goals.

    It won’t be a mistake to say that the allocation by commercial banks of consumer credits worth more than 71 billion soums to purchase durable locally-made items as furniture, household appliances and other goods has been a significant support in starting the household of young families and giving them a commendable start in life.

    In the rural areas the exemption from taxes of individual entrepreneurs engaged in the consumer services for a three-year period has allowed to create 40 thousand jobs.

    It is highly commendable that in the framework of the program we have paid a special attention to further enhancing the social care for the needy families.

    Speaking about this, we should note that more than 8,600 livestock and 1 million 900 thousand poultries have been distributed among the needy families and the families without breadwinners.

    This year the pupils from the low-income families were presented the winter clothes worth nearly 28 billion soums. In the new academic year nearly 510 thousand first-form pupils, as well as about 11 thousand disabled children receiving an in-home teaching were provided with 12 items of the school set at the expense of the state budget.

    It is worth noting that with an aim to stimulate and actively involve the girls in physical training and sports 190 thousand sportswear sets were presented to them, while 50 thousand children enjoyed their holidays in the summer camps free of charge and 270 thousand children – on preferential terms.

    Besides, more than one thousand socially-needy young families across the country have held their weddings at the expense of sponsorship funds.

    In 2012 we have paid a priority attention to yet another challenging objective, i.e. the employment of population. In this respect, I think it is necessary to emphasize that thanks to establishment of small enterprises and micro-firms, more than 204 thousand new jobs have been created for women.

     

    The fact that this year over 107 thousand young men and women were employed, 19 thousand unemployed youth were retrained and 52 thousand young men and women were involved in the paid social works became yet another important step in tackling a crucial problem of unemployment.

    The total amount of credits allocated for over the last period on the basis of laws adopted by the parliament on the family business and further development of private entrepreneurship made up 905 billion soums, while the amount of credits designed to actively attract women to entrepreneurship totaled 450 billion soums.

    Along with this, the micro-credits worth 218 thousand euros were allocated to businesswomen in the Republic of Karakalpakstan, Syrdarya, Navoi, Surkhandarya and Tashkent regions from the Savings banks foundation for international cooperation.

    The unprecedented clear-cut measures have been taken to ease the work of our women and sisters, to more effectively utilize their potential in social, cultural, communal and economic spheres, as well as in child-raising.

    In particular, the government adopted a resolution “On additional measures to improve social and living conditions of families”. According to this document, an extensive work was carried out to improve their provision with household and kitchen appliances, as well as to expand the consumer credits to ease women’s daily household routine.

    Thanks to these measures, in 2012 the volume of consumer electronics production in our country has grown four times against the previous years.

    It is of a special significance that families in our country have been allocated the three-year consumer credits worth 317 billion soums, since they are designed to alleviate the burden of our women and sisters, as well as to raise the quality of life of the population.

    Here I would like to dwell upon yet another significant issue. This year based on the additional measures aimed at further improving the access of countryside communities to potable water through centralized water-pipelines the funds worth 108 billion soums and 96 million US dollars have been spent and over1220 kilometers of new pipelines have been built and reconstructed. This allows to provide 872 residential areas with clean potable water.

    Besides, the extensive work was accomplished to strengthen the role of family in raising a harmoniously developed generation and enhance the practical cooperation of the institute of family with educational institutions.

    As we speak about this, it is worth noting that the comprehensive measures were elaborated and are being implemented to enhance the cooperation among family, makhalla (neighborhood community) and educational institution.

    Thanks to such measures, 76 percent of more than 4,5 million pupils in our country are actively involved in scientific, music and arts circles and sports classes established at schools and “Barkamol avlod” Children’s centers.

    During this year nearly one thousand secondary schools were supplied with modern computer classes, the workrooms at more than 1150 vocational colleges were provided with necessary tools, hardware and raw materials. The “Electron ta’lim” (Electronic education) project was launched to convert the library collections of the institutes of higher learning into an electronic format.

    Nearly 30 thousand boys and girls were able to enhance their knowledge of the IT technologies on the basis of the educational program specially designed to allow the countryside youth to master the basics of using the Internet.

    Today we have the right to state with satisfaction that on the basis of “The Year of Family” Program an enormous work was accomplished in the sphere of public healthcare.

    In particular, this year we have elevated into a new level the measures in the framework of the “Healthy mother – healthy child” Program which has been implemented in the country since the early years of independence and is internationally recognized.

    Especially, in the framework of the “Salomatlik-3”Project and in cooperation with the United Nations, UNICEF and other international funds, the work on upgrading the skills of medical workers, qualified diagnostics with the use of cutting-edge equipment and early treatment of diseases has been carried out on the basis of a specific plan. Besides, a special attention was paid to encompassing all layers of population by the disease prevention measures.

    With an aim to accomplish our supreme goal, which is to raise a healthy and harmoniously developed generation, this year 8 million 300 thousand women of fertile age and 8 million children underwent medical examination. Along with this, it should be noted that about 5 thousand lone senior citizens and disabled persons were thoroughly examined and rendered necessary medical assistance.

    The extensive work has been carried out to enhance material and technical basis of the public healthcare system.

    In this regard, it is of a special significance that the National Cardiology Center supplied with the cutting-edge medical equipment was built in Tashkent for 21,5 billion soums and nearly 23 million US dollars. This Center will have a special role in preventing and treating the cardiovascular diseases which now remain to be the most acute problem.

    It should be noted that “The Year of Family” was full of various contests, festivals, exhibitions and artistic soirees. These events were aimed at cementing the place and raising the prestige of family which stands as an incomparable force in further strengthening the spiritual roots of our society, preserving our ancient values, shaping a sublime moral climate and confronting harmful influences alien to our national mentality.

    Along with construction of other sites of social importance, the consistent works have been carried out in our country to build modern sports facilities and further expand the infrastructure in this sphere.

    This year alone 168 children’s sports facilities have been commissioned and today more than 1 million 600 thousand children of 6 to 15 years of age can regularly go in for sports.

    With an aim to further develop sports in the country and raise the Uzbek football to a new level, a state-of-the-art “Bunyodkor” Sports Complex was commissioned in the capital city of Tashkent. This fact has once again vividly demonstrated the socio-economic potential of our country.

    There is no doubt that this Complex, which is the only one of its kind in Central Asia, will serve the cause of raising our youth both as physically and morally healthy generation, winning by our athletes the high places in the world arenas and further promoting Uzbekistan’s prestige in the world.

    Our systemic work to develop the children’s sports now yields its practical results.

    The two national football teams of Uzbekistan, i.e. under 16 and under 20, beat in tough competitions the strongest national teams of the Asian continent and won the right to participate in the World Cup next year. It is no doubt that such a triumph has stiffened the spirit of not only the football and sports fans, but also of our entire nation, and I will be right to say that it has filled our hearts with pride and delight.

    Taking this opportunity, allow me to thank our young football players and all athletes who are keeping the flag of our Homeland high in the international sports arenas, as well as trainers and coaches, and wish them a happiness and success.

    Dear compatriots!

    We all well understand that it will take much time to speak in details about the activities accomplished in the framework of “The Year of Family” State Program. In this regard, I believe it is necessary to draw your attention to only one figure.

    The funds worth more than 2 trillion soums and over 100 million US dollars from all financial sources have been spent to implement this Program. And I think it strikingly demonstrates how extensive and enormous are the scope of our works.

    Taking this opportunity, on my own behalf and on behalf of our nation I would like to cordially thank all state and non-government organizations in our country, foreign and international institutions, ambassadors of foreign countries and representatives of diplomatic corps present in this hall, who contributed to this gracious and good cause, as well as all people who have sincerely labored to achieve this noble goal.

    My dear compatriots, I think you will certainly agree with me if I say that “The Year of Family”, no doubt, shall leave its deep trace in the memory of our nation by its substance, spirit and philosophy, as well as practical impact and effect.

    Dear compatriots!

    Now we should exchange the views with you on how to name the forthcoming new year 2013.

    The experience we have gained in this respect during the past years shows that we should not only give a beautiful name to the year, but this idea must be supported by a clear-cut objective and meaning related to absolute majority and nation-wide interests, and filled with influential and effective measures. This factor should play a decisive role in taking this decision.

    Simply speaking, while naming the year, above all, there must be such noble goals and objectives as accomplishment of the tasks which are in the minds of each and every person, each family and our entire nation, as well as acceleration of our progress and making our life even more prosperous.

    All of us are well aware that each and every human being, irrespective of his nationality, language and religion, is born to this world to live a happy life. There are many factors that condition and guarantee making this supreme dream come true. Yet there is one factor which gives meaning and essence to our life, makes it even brighter and delightful and which embodies the wish of a man to thoroughly beautify and make his home and motherland flourishing and seek pleasure and satisfaction from such a deed.

    Speaking about this, it should be noted that we attach a very broad and deep meaning to the word ‘flourishing’ or ‘prosperous’. When we say ‘prosperous’, our people and nation imagine not only beautiful and charming places, but also the ones where peace and tranquility, mutual kindness and compassion, accord, charm and abundance do reign. They also imagine a life with pure intentions and healthy ambitions.

    We can find a confirmation of this idea by the fact that during the years of independence the phrase with a deep meaning “Flourishing comes from hearts and souls” which became widespread among our nation calls upon our people to live with a creative endeavor.

    I believe that all of us well understand that if we summarize these views and thoughts and say it in the Uzbek way, our endeavors and aspirations, above all, proceed from the idea to make our Homeland prosperous and build a free, peaceful and flourishing life for a man.

    There is no doubt that today it is of a crucial importance to fill our daily life with these dreams and aspirations, turn them into a purpose of our life, and consolidate the strengths and potential of our state and society to accomplish these ideas and ambitions.

    Dear friends, taking into consideration all aforementioned ideas and thoughts, I would like to propose to name the forthcoming new year 2013 inour country “The Year of Prosperous Life”.

    As we give such a name to the year 2013, it is our main objective to consistently continue our works started in this direction and elevate them to a new and higher level.

    I think it is expedient to pay a special attention to the following priority directions in the State program to be adopted in this regard.

    First, preserving and strengthening as an apple of an eye peace, tranquility and security, civil and interethnic accord and unity in Uzbekistan shall remain to be our most important and crucial task.

    Certainly, there are competent agencies in charge of this issue and we have sufficient strength and capability. But when the Homeland shall be peaceful and prosperous? This objective can only be achieved when everyone living in each house and each neighborhood community cherishes peace and tranquility, struggles for it and considers as his obligation to strengthen and protect it.

    Second, from the ancient times the notion of ‘a prosperous life’ embodies in the minds of our people, first of all, the well-being, abundance, plenty, sufficiency and fair prices in the markets.

    Therefore, nowadays the notion of well-being of people makes up the core meaning and substance of our national ideology, i.e. the prosperity of Homeland and peace in the country, along with other our dearest and the most sacred values.

    Such objectives as raising the well-being of the population and its real incomes, addressing the employment issues, further developing small business, private entrepreneurship and farming, as well as enhancing the state system of targeted social protection must remain in the focus of our attention in drafting the Program.

    In a word, we should accomplish the extensive works in the new year to turn the truth of the proverb of our people: “If wealth comes from a decent labor, the life will be delightful” (‘Labore omnia florent’ – ‘With work, all things flourish’) into our life credo.

    Third, all of us well understand that yet another important condition of a prosperous life is to promote a sound health of people.

    Indeed, it is no by chance that whenever and wherever our people make supplications, first of all, they pray for “a good health, peace, tranquility and prosperity of the Homeland”.

    Therefore, protecting our people’s health, providing the public healthcare system with cutting-edge tools of treatment, techniques and technologies, enhancing prophylaxis, i.e. the disease prevention, financially and morally stimulating the hard and responsible labor of the medical personnel, who diligently work in this sphere, shall remain as our permanent task.

    Fourth, the Program should define the clear-cut measures on such outstanding issues as raising the living standards of our nation, in particular, constructing the new housings, modern roads and communication networks, supplying clean potable water to residential areas, as well as resolving the problems of communal services.

    Fifth, as we put forward the objective of making our life more prosperous, we must deeply realize one truth. I mean the important condition to make our life prosperous is, first of all, to make the makhalla (neighborhood community) prosperous.

    In this respect, with the involvement of broad public we must elaborate the practical proposals to enhance the work of local committees of makhallas, the self-governance system in makhallas and the social protection system, as well as to further strengthen the role and impact of makhalla in our socio-economic life, and give makhalla the new rights and authorities.

    Sixth, making our life healthier and prosperous is ultimately and closely linked, first of all, to further enhancing the role, prestige and social activeness of women, giving worthy appreimagesCAGM2BMMciation to their work in various spheres and easing the burden of our women and sisters who take care of a household. I wish we all remember that we have a lot to do to realize this truth in practice.

    Certainly, I believe that the government and non-government organizations, local authorities, neighborhood communities, representatives of women and youth, intelligentsia, broad public and our entire nation will actively and worthily participate to accomplish the extensive tasks we have put forward for 2013.

    My dear compatriots!

    I am confident that naming the forthcoming year in our country as “The Year of Prosperous Life” will become yet another tremendous step in terms of ensuring the human rights, interests and freedoms which stand as a core and supreme goal of our policies during the years of independence and making our life further prosperous and free, as well as our future – even brighter.

    Time and again, I wish all of you a sound health, happiness, success and abundance to your families.

  • Georgia Will Be A Model For The Region

    Georgia Will Be A Model For The Region

    jeffrey mankoffMr. Jeffrey Mankoff points out extremely important developments in Caucasus and Central Asia under different perspectives for followers of Strategic Outlook. (more…)

  • Once again on the issue of construction of Rogun Hydroelectric Power Plant

    Once again on the issue of construction of Rogun Hydroelectric Power Plant

    Рогунская ГЭС

     

     

     

     

    Over the past few years the attention of wide circles of international community, respected environmental organizations, experts of research centers in many countries engaged in studies of water management construction, riveted to the persistent efforts of Tajikistan on reanimation of the project on construction in the headwaters of Amu Darya of the complex of structures of Rogun Hydroelectric Power Plant (HPP) with the capacity of 3600 MW.

    Previously it has been repeatedly noted that the construction project of Rogun HPP carries significant and massive technological, social, environmental and socio-economic risks and dangers, which is why its implementation induces justified opposition and objection of respected International Organizations and eminent experts, as well as countries in downstream ofAmu Darya.

    It is primarily due to the following main factors. First of all, these include the technical project solutions for construction of Rogun HPP that do not meet current requirements and has been developed during the Soviet era, 35-40 years ago, with the distinctive feature of the period of pursuing gigantomania, and based on outdated standards, construction norms and rules that fall short of current requirements of ensuring the construction of hydraulic structures that are safe in all respects. This was repeatedly stated by the eminent professionals and experts.

    Large-scale problems and accidents encountered by the builders of large HPPs built in the last few decades (“Three Gorges” in China, “Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP” and “Boguchanskaya HPP” in Russian Federation, large HPPs in South America, etc.) led to a reasonable conclusion that the standards and requirements that apply at present to such hydro facilities have dramatically changed and this caused in many cases the revision, suspension or even rejection of projects on their construction.

    Besides, already during the engineering of Rogun HPP project Soviet specialist could not find adequate technical solutions for a number of major issues that remained unresolved. These include, in particular, measures to offset the inevitable effects of filtration and impact of a huge mass of water on a strong (more than100 metersthick) layer salt that lies at the base of the dam, as well as the high mobility of rock masses in the area of construction. Since then problems only worsened, as evidenced by the crash and complete destruction of a temporary bridged Rogun dam in 1993, as well as several other subsequent accidents.

    Secondly, the project incorporates the construction of the dam with unprecedented in the world practice height of335 metersin the rock mass with repeatedly confirmed seismicity of 9-10 points on the Richter scale.

    The construction site of Rogun HPP is situated in relatively newly formed mountain ranges of Vakhsh tectonic fault, an integral part of the chain of regional Southern Tian-Shan and Hissar-Kokshaalsk faults. The seismicity of these zones is the highest inCentral Asia, with the repeated cycles in the form of regular earthquakes up to 10 points. Such earthquakes, that occurred inTajikistanin the first half of last century, claimed in total the life of more than 100,000 people. It is suffice to recall the earthquake in 1911 of more than 9 points, which led to the formation of Usoy natural landslide dam andLakeSarezwith the capacity of 20 billion cubic meters of water.

    This region is entering the stage of high seismic activity. According to the U.S. Geological Survey, there are up to eight earthquakes recorded weekly in the Pamir-Hindi Kush mountain range, which includes the Rogun HPP construction cite. A strong earthquake occurs inTajikistanevery four year and devastating one – every 10-15 years. Based on data analysis, some experts predict that over the next ten years one should expect strong destructive earthquakes in this mountain range. This is also confirmed in research studies by seismologists, including Tajik scientists.

    In addition, construction of such a huge dam would require moving and disposing of 80 million cubic meters of soil, which, along with the 14 billion tons of water reservoir, will create additional pressure on the mountain. This will increase seismic vulnerability of the region, and one can surely predict that construction of the Rogun HPP will  increase frequency and intensity of earthquakes in this area.

    Центральная Азия

     

     

     

     

    What would be the consequences of destruction of such a HPP caused by earthquake or human factor? Scientists and engineers estimate that dynamic pressure of 14 cubic kilometers of water trapped in the reservoir is capable to create giant waves – the so-called man-made tsunami – with more than100 metersin height, rushing down to theVakhshRiverat a speed as high as 500 km/per hour. It can completely destroy the Nurek dam, all other HPPs and hydro sites along the Vakhsh cascade and can flood the towns of Nurek, Sarban, Kurgantyube and Rumy. Moreover, while continuing its destructive movement, the flood wave would demolish dozens of towns and villages inTajikistan,UzbekistanandTurkmenistan, causing to incalculable consequences and death of many hundreds of thousands of lives.

    Thirdly, the Rogun HPP Project poses a long-term and irreversible threat to environment of the region as well as in the socio-economic sphere.

    Construction of a gigantic HPP would break delicate ecological balance in the region, having a devastating impact on water resource management and environmental situation. The formation of a water reservoir of 14 cubic kilometers will require a significant limitation of theVakhshRiverflow for at least 8-10 years, which will disrupt long-term water flow regulation in the region and increase water deficit up to a disastrously high level.

    The construction of the HPP would completely disrupt the structure of natural water flows by decreasing the water flow sharply during the growing season and increasing water feed in the autumn-winter period, which will result in severe water scarcity, drought in summer time, as well as disastrous winter floods for downstream state of theAmu Darya.

    A hydrological regime change of the Amu Darya River will also increase channel losses, which makes up to 15% in low-water period, accelerate the drying of downstream lakes and wetlands, emergence of new salt marshes and saline takyr surfaces, which would become major sources of salt transposition to adjacent farmlands, reducing soil fertility and crop yields on the ground. As a result, this will worsen environmental disaster of theAral Sea, which has a global impact.

    It will also completely destroy economic basis of production and the prevailing modus vivendi way of more than 10 million people living in the Amu Darya downstream oasis inUzbekistanandTurkmenistan, who will be doomed to drought, hunger, and eventual displacement.

    It is estimated that direct economic loss of the downstream countries, including Uzbekistan, resulting from the construction of Rogun HPP, make up more than $ 20 billion with no state willing to compensate. Additional economic and social problems will emerge as a result of forced displacement of people suffering from water shortage, causing sharp social instability to increase in the region.

    As a result, total economic damage from this project is unquantifiable, and how, in what currency and what numbers the suffer and misery of millions of people could be estimated?

    It is obvious that the construction of such dam contradicts not only to technical standards, economic logic, but also to the common sense, in general.

    Precisely these threats from construction of Rogun HPP station are causing legitimate concerns of the international community and wide range of international organizations, such as United Nations, International Commission on Large Dams, World Water Council, International Union for Protection of Nature, as well as members of the European Parliament, Parliaments of the United States, Belgium and other countries, scientific and research centers of Japan, USA, the Netherlands, South Korea and other states.

    As result of broad discussion of the problems associated with this project at various levels in the United Nations bodies, international scientific-practical forums and conferences, implemented over past few years, brought an understanding and clear formulation of principal position of the international community on necessity of carrying out of in-depth objective independent international expertise of this project.

    It should be noted that opinion of independent experts goes inline with the norms of the international law in the field of transboundary water resources management. A number of UN conventions, such as The United Nations Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes of September 18, 1992; The 1997 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Uses of International Watercourses,  adopted by the UN General Assembly on May 21, 1997, are clearly defining the requirements for compulsory consideration of interests of all parties, located in zone of influence of transboundary water facilities, before taking decisions on elaboration of the projects associated with a transboundary effect.

    Moreover, The Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context, which entered into force in 1997, envisages a full accounting of environmental consequences from construction of such facilities, and implementing of in-depth assessment of their impact with attraction of all interested parties.

    Taking into account the opinion of international organizations and structures, and on the basis of international law, the World Bank decided in 2010 to conduct an independent international expertise of the project of construction of Rogun hydro-power station and provided USD 20,0 million for its implementation. A number of European firms from France, Switzerland and other countries are involved in this studies and its completion is expected at the first quarter of 2013.

    In its turn, the government of Tajikistan took commitments in 2010 not to carry out construction works on Rogun hydro-power station’ site until the completion of independent technical, economic, social and environmental impact assessment from. At the same time Tajikistan pledged to the International Monetary Fund to stop campaign on forcible fund-raising from the population to finance the project of construction of Rogun hydro-power station.

    However, unfortunately, at the present time it must be noted that, regardless of its commitments to the World Bank and IMF, the Tajik side is continuing to implement its “idee fixe”, unilaterally grossly violating the achieved agreements to prevent construction works at Rogun hydro-power station.

    Numerous facts indicate that Tajikistan, in hidden from the international community, is carrying out behind closed doors a wide range of works on construction cite, which was started in the 1970s. At the present time massive construction works are being carried out on the site of Rogun HPP, its constructional drainage tunnels, turbine hall, quarries and other facilities of the station.

    Both, the Tajik authorities have been actively attracting foreign contractors (fromRussia,Ukraineand other countries) to carry out works on designing the Rogun HPP facilities.

    At the same time the Tajik side has been making contracts for supplies of equipment, components and materials needed for launching the first phase of the plant. Particularly, so far the equipment for launching the first power unit has been procured, produced and delivered. Shortly production of equipment for the second unit is to be finished and preparation for delivery is underway.

    Along with allocation of significant budget funds for the last several years (more than USD 200 million annually), Tajikistan in violation of its obligations before the IMF has lately enhanced the compulsory sale of Rogun shares to the population despite harsh financial conditions of majority of people in the country.

    All these actions are taken under enormous pressure of the Tajik leadership who recently claimed “that who against Rogun project is the enemy of the Tajik nation”.

    Natural question arises – what is final objective of the construction or Rogun HPP, why despite numerous objections and violating all norm of international law,Tajikistanhas been trying to complete in accelerated paces the first stage of the plant?

    The answer is clear – their final objective is to complete the  first stage of the plant and put the World Bank and the entire international community in front of the fait accompli and thus legalize that which is actively opposed by the expert community and international structures.

    Distorting the real situation, misleading and hiding the real works from the world community, the Tajik side has been trying to win time and finish the started works, to cross the line of no return when international experts will have to put up with the fait accompli of completed Rogun HPP.

    At the same time the Tajik side through the controlled media and experts on payroll has been irresponsibly speculating, completely distorting facts and arguments of international experts, manipulating figures with a view to convince the people of Tajikistan that there is no alternative to the construction of Rogun HPP.

    Thereby they have been trying to distort the real state of affairs and use all possible and impossible means to accomplish their goal which is construction of the Rogun HPP while ignoring all catastrophic risks and dangers which this project may entail.

    One should stress that many of international experts and neighboring countries of Tajikistan located in the lower reach of the Amudarya river have been proposing a reasonable alternative which might address the problem of  a reliable power supply to Tajikistan at a significantly less cost and time not creating a large-scale man-made, ecologic, social and economic threats for both Tajikistan and its neighbors. That alternative is the construction of a number of small scale hydropower plants. Considering this alternative has been one of the most important directions of the World Bank activities.

    Following conclusions can be made from the aforesaid:

    First. It is not normal when the Tajik side has been continuing the construction of the Rogun HPP ignoring numerous warnings and recommendations of international experts and specialists gravely violating its commitments on suspending all civil works until the completion of the World Bank expert examination.

    Second. The policy adopted and pursued by the Tajik and which is based on covert continuation of the construction of the Rogun HPP may entail the gravest and unpredictable consequences impossible to mitigate. It cannot be ignored.

     

    Pravda Vostoka, July 12, 2012

  • South Azerbaijanis as a new bargaining chip in resolving the Iranian problem

    South Azerbaijanis as a new bargaining chip in resolving the Iranian problem

    Iran Azerbaycan

    Gulnara Inanch, director Online International Information and Analytical center Ethnoglobus.az, related info turkishnews.com, [email protected]

    On 12 and 13 April Ankara (Turkey) hold a forum of South Azerbaijanis. Public Forum was organized by the Organization of the Azerbaijanis in Turkey.
    Director of the Center for Strategic Studies of Caucasian (Kafkassam) Dr. Hasan Oktay in an exclusive interview with AMI “News-Azerbaijan,” commented on the question of what was the purpose of this forum, and whyTurkey, afterIsrael, started paying attention to the issue ofSouth Azerbaijan.
    What are the goals of establishing in Turkey World Azerbaijani Congress (WAC)?
    – World Azerbaijanis Congress has been active within recent years. Along with this, there are a number of similar structures. The Republic of Azerbaijan, developing close ties with the diasporas, through them, tries to promote the interests of the state. The successes of the Armenian and Jewish diasporas, which were taken as an example for Azerbaijan, has not yet borne fruit. It led to the occurrence of new organizations seeking funding proportions allocated for Azerbaijan, among them there is just a competition. This is the reason for creation of different organizations under the name of the World Azerbaijanis Congress (WAC). One can see that these different organizations, working with Jewish organizations in exchange for financial support create good relations between Jewish Organizations and southern Azerbaijanis.
    Analogical efforts are short-term efforts. Here the main goal is money.
    In order to get financing, WAC is divided into four parts. Israel also believes that through these organizations, establishes relationships with Iranian Azerbaijanis.
    – The new Congress is established in Turkey, and what do you think, does it mean that Ankara, tries to take control of the organization of Iranian Azeris, like most of the world Azerbaijanism?
    – We try to present the problem of Azerbaijan and southern Azerbaijanis to world community, in neutral and scientific manner. There are 35 million South Azerbaijanis in Iran and 9 million people live in the Republic of Azerbaijan. If we also add here the diasporas, then the number of Azeri Turks will be around 50 million people. Kafkassam, speaking more than a party, take into account the factor of this large ethnic group in the Caucasus, is trying to promote its activation and efficiency. Azerbaijan is trying to unite the world Azerbaijanis. At the same time carrying out activities in this direction not in Azerbaijan but in Turkey indicates the intention to rely on the strength of this country.
    Therefore, the union of the forces ofAzerbaijan andTurkey in the diaspora, politics will be more effective. IfTurkey does not support this initiative ofAzerbaijan,Azerbaijan can expect disappointment. This is nothing more than an initiative. Such initiatives should be involved only non-governmental organizations.
    Jewish organizations and individuals representing Israel expanded the campaign to protect the rights of South Azerbaijanis. Do the Turkish non-governmental organizations coordinate the activities of Jewish organizations in this matter?
    – The Iran-Israel tension covers a wide geographic region. This conflict will affect non-Persian ethnic as the elements of living in Iran.
    Southern Azerbaijanis, as the most important element, coming to the first plan.
    The main factor of the war is the exclusion of war opponents and forcing it into the peace on their own terms. It can be either by force or by using other methods, including outreach to compel the enemy to the peace negotiations.
    Therefore, it is natural for Israel to use all non-military ways of forcing Iran to the peace. Southern Azerbaijanis and therefore go on the agenda.
    Unfortunately, carrying on the agenda of the Iranian Azerbaijanis, are not considered internal conditions and other factors of Iran.
    Azerbaijanis do not have to turn to the elements, such as the Kurds of Iraq, inviting Americans to the occupation of their homeland.
    As a result, the future of the Kurds in Iraq is in doubt.
    In its contacts with the Iranian Azeris we remind them of the Kurds, in what situation they were in the invasion of Americans in Iran.
    They are warned to be more attentive to the issue of military operations in Iran.
    Affirmation of Azerbaijanis as a significant element of Iranian democracy, it is very important from the perspective of the region’s future.
    – Meanwhile, an Israeli social activist Avigdor Eskin is carrying out campaign with a group of Russian experts, including ethnic Jews for the rights of Iranian Azerbaijanis. It is believed that by this way, Israel and Jewish organizations, by protecting the rights of Iran’s Azeri nationalists, are trying to manipulate them. How can you comment on this campaign?
    – We are closely watching activity of Avigdor Eskin. This is passing interest. Some Azeris are trying to capitalize on this partnership. They have no place in the South Azerbaijani politics. Azeri Turks of Iran will not get into the situation of the Kurds of Iraq. Israel should not turn into an instrument of Azeri Turks in a war with Iran. But it is a psychological operation. Israel, being in confrontation with Iran will use all non-military tools. The easiest of which are the Azerbaijani Turks.
    Can Iran be drawn into a civil war in South Azerbaijan? This is the most important point on which most anti-Iranian forces sharpened. Unfortunately, many Iranian Azerbaijanis were forced to leave the country under pressure from the authorities, not finding shelter, are drawn into these games. It comes from the frustration of South Azerbaijanis. But such attempts have no chance to share Iran.
    Southern Azerbaijanis, fighting for their basic rights and freedoms in Iran, can achieve the rule of democracy in the region. The biggest problem of Iran is the lack of democracy. Democratic Iran is a favorable country for South Azerbaijanis living here. Iran is the birthplace of South Azerbaijanis. Before the 1924 Iranian Turks were in power in Iran. Problems of Iranian Turks can be solved in a democracy.
    Iran must take this into account. IfTehran continues to use unequal policy against Azerbaijanis, then later on the agenda may withdraw part ofIran. Iran, instead of the disturbances should be made available to Azerbaijanis for their rights.
    For a long time there are discussion on the possibility of abolishing the Committee on Diaspora in Azerbaijan and the creation of the department in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in charge of the Diaspora. Because world organizations of Azerbaijan, in contrast to diaspora organizations of other nations, equal in Baku, between the creation of the World Azerbaijanis Congress and the rumors of the Committee on the Elimination of the Diaspora can be traced some connection …
    – Azerbaijan Diaspora issues created considering Armenian activity. If Azerbaijan is going to really control the diaspora in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, it is quite normal. Because Armenia under the name of Diaspora Ministry manages the Armenian Diaspora. Individual Azerbaijanis in many places, act as opponents to the Azerbaijani authorities that concerned the official Baku.
    Therefore, the intention of diaspora activities in the government structures is natural. But if we consider the terms of the diaspora and its benefits to the Azerbaijani authorities, it does not lead to a very healthy results. Providing diaspora freedom and support their activities will be more useful to Azerbaijani state.
    How are Iranian issues seen from Turkey?
    – Iran is a large and specific country. Iran has invisible influence over Azerbaijan: no matter what angle Azerbaijan is interested in the South Azerbaijanis, Iran through the southern Azeris can create problems for Baku. Iran, by supporting Armenia in the Garabagh conflict may close the path of Azerbaijan interest in his Iranian compatriots. In the Iranian-Azerbaijani relations there are a lot of unresolved issues. Iran has every opportunity to use them in their favor.
    Settlement of status of the Caspian Sea is also in the hands ofIran andAzerbaijan can not use the pool to the fullest. InTurkey, where it is easy to operate non-governmental organizations, it is easier to carry out the activities of the South Azerbaijanis.
    Will the World Azerbaijanis Congress be engaged in protecting the rights of South Azerbaijanis?
    – Keep in mind the sensitivity of Iran in this regard. Turkey initially experienced difficulty with the name “Friends of Syria” which has not yet dissipated.
    Excessive activity of WAC on the South-Azerbaijani issue, considering the sensitivity of Azerbaijan in the region, could prompt Iran to the use of leverage. We have to consider these issues and power of damage.
    Of course, it is necessary to maintain the democratic rights of South Azerbaijanis, but that interest should not be a tool to invade Iran.
    During a meeting with Iran on any platform, social, political and social demands of the southern Azeris should be tabled. Azerbaijan does not need to pass the constitutional framework. Features pressure Iran on Azerbaijan is based on probabilities. Do not ignore this reality, as it may become unhappy adventure.

    – From what prism does Turkey consider the rights of Iranian Azerbaijanis and how does Turkey plan to use these plans?
    – First, Turkey, in principle, rejects the interference in the internal affairs of its neighbors. Along with this, Turkey considers the rights of South Azerbaijanis in the framework of democracy and the Iranian laws, on all platforms met with Iranian officials. Thousands of Iranian Turks emigrated to Turkey, whose fate is closely interested in the Turkish authorities. South Azerbaijanis came to Turkey with some hope which facilitate the work of Turkey, and at the same time made it more difficult. It is easy, because Turkey has control over the subject, and in a lawful manner to protect the rights of Iranian Azerbaijanis, who emigrated to the country. Difficulties in the fact that Iran is afraid that Turkey by the help of Iranian Turks will try to interfere in their internal affairs. This creates a problem for Turkey.
    Turkey defends the legal rights of their fellow residents in this location, without interfering in the internal affairs of its neighbors. And this protection will continue.
    The requirement of the South Azerbaijanis allowing them to live in human conditions is a fair request. Iran can no longer delay in granting them this right. Otherwise, it will give his enemies a big trump card and this card will forever be used.

  • Turkey-Turkmenistan Ties Flourish in Economic Realm

    Turkey-Turkmenistan Ties Flourish in Economic Realm

    Turkey-Turkmenistan Ties Flourish in Economic Realm

    Turkey-Turkmenistan Ties Flourish in Economic Realm

    Publication: Eurasia Daily Monitor Volume: 9 Issue: 50
    March 12, 2012
    By: Saban Kardas
    Turkmen President Gurbanguly Berdimuhammedov’s visit to Turkey on February 28-March 1, highlighted the evolving nature of the two countries’ bilateral relations, built around flourishing economic ties. Berdimuhammedov’s first foreign trip since his reelection on February 12 also provided an opportunity to mark the 20th anniversary of the establishment of Turkish-Turkmen diplomatic ties since Turkmenistan’s gaining independence. With many cabinet members, officials and businessmen in his entourage, the visit also provided an opportunity to deepen the relations.

    Ankara’s official relations with Ashgabat have been largely carried out by President Abdullah Gul, who has paid four visits to Turkmenistan so far. His last official trip was in May 2011, during which he discussed ways to improve cooperation in energy, construction, transportation and communication. Berdimuhammedov also expressed his satisfaction with the accelerating pace of the bilateral ties and underscored that his country viewed Turkey as a strategic partner. For his part, Gul has been particularly interested in improving energy cooperation between the two countries (Anadolu Ajansi, May 31, 2011).

    During Berdimuhammedov’s visit, Gul showed the highest level of hospitality, underscoring the importance attached to developing bilateral ties. He decorated Berdimuhammedov with a state medal of honor, which crowned many agreements penned to bolster cooperation in trade, tourism, the fight against terrorism, training of diplomats, etc., in addition to various other business deals. Berdimuhammedov again reiterated that Ashgabat views its relationship with Ankara as strategically important, and Turkmenistan would welcome even a larger involvement of Turkish companies as his country works to rebuild its cities through numerous infrastructure investments. The Turkish-Turkmen Business Forum attended, by both leaders in Istanbul, allowed the parties to discuss specific projects (Anadolu Ajansi, February 29, March 1).

    Reflecting the high premium placed by Ankara on mutual economic relations, Turkey’s Economy Minister Zafer Caglayan has also frequented Ashgabat lately. Caglayan’s last visit was in January where he also attended the bilateral business forum and was received by Berdimuhammedov. During that visit, a protocol was signed within the context of the Turkish-Turkmen Intergovernmental Economic Committee, and the parties agreed to instruct their Central Banks to make necessary arrangements so that they could use their national currencies in bilateral commercial deals. Caglayan especially expressed his satisfaction with Turkmen officials’ welcoming attitude toward Turkish construction companies, adding that the latter won up to 90 percent of government construction tenders in Turkmenistan (www.haberturk.com, January 30, 2012).

    Nonetheless, although Turkey became a major trading partner for Turkmenistan, relations have yet to live up to the ambitious rhetoric. Turkey’s trade with Turkmenistan and Turkish-speaking countries, despite a two-fold increase in the last five years, still makes up only a small fraction of its overall trade. While the trade volume between these countries was $8.6 billion in 2011, it only accounted for three percent of Turkey’s overall trade volume. Turkmenistan ranked third after Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan in Turkey’s overall trade with Turkic-speaking countries. While Turkey’s imports from Turkmenistan were worth $392.7 million, its exports totaled $1.5 billion (Anadolu Ajansi February 6).

    Turkey’s main economic activity with Turkmenistan and partly other Turkic-speaking countries has been in construction projects. Many of these countries have been working to rebuild, using the wealth generated by their energy riches. Turkmenistan has stood atop that list in recent years. For instance, in a development that marked the growing importance of Turkmenistan for Turkish contractors’ international operations, in 2010, Turkmenistan ranked number one on the list of tenders assumed by Turkish companies in around 50 countries. Of the total $20.3 billion in projects that Turkish firms undertook globally in 2010, they contracted on tenders worth $4.3 billion in Turkmenistan, followed by Libya, Iraq and Russia. To date, the total volume of projects undertaken by Turkish companies in Turkmenistan exceeded $23 billion, corresponding to about 10 percent of the Turkish firms’ operations worldwide (Anadolu Ajansi, March 19, 2011; July 25, 2011).

    With these statistics, Ankara has been Ashgabat’s chief trade partner, while Turkmenistan emerged as the main destination of Turkish investments in Central Asia. Most Turkish economic activity in Turkmenistan is carried out by small or medium scale enterprises. Established there by Turkish investors following Turkmenistan’s independence, some of these companies acted rather in an adventurous manner and took risks. While many of them lost their investments in the 1990s, the first comer’s advantage worked in favor of many others who later became important business actors.

    Granted, Turkish investors still encounter problems. One particular issue has been the difficulties in receiving payment for the projects they complete in Turkmenistan. In addition to inviting new investments to take advantage of attractive business opportunities in his country, Berdimuhammedov also promised to solve the payment problems. Representatives from some Turkish business associations raised questions about his sincerity, as similar promises in the past have not ended the controversy – current pending payments for completed projects are worth $1.3 billion (Hurriyet Daily News, March 2). However, other Turkish firms doing business in the country had been presenting a different picture about the causes of the dispute. A large group undertaking major infrastructure work to build 180 bridges in the country maintained that those that complete their project on time face no such problems (Cihan, February 14).

    Such high level contacts and flourishing economic ties highlighted the seamless political relations between Ankara and Ashgabad. Turkey was the first country to recognize Turkmenistan’s declaration of independence and also supported its decision to pursue neutrality in 1995. Following the euphoria of the early 1990s, the Turkish-Turkmen relationship was severely restricted during the later period of Saparmurat Niyazov’s (Turkmenbashi) reign (1991-2006). While his isolationist policy of neutrality was partly responsible for the deteriorating state of affairs, the negative experiences of some Turkish businessmen who went to the country early on also led to the cooling off of the relationship. With Berdimuhammedov’s policy of opening up, which also corresponded to a proactive foreign policy course pursued by the current Turkish government, there has been a visible increase in bilateral exchanges. With the latest trip, Berdimuhammedov has been to Turkey for a fifth time, and especially in the economic realm the progress has been remarkable. For its part, Turkey has been hoping to bolster ties with this energy-rich country, which provides a major avenue for Turkish business operations abroad, especially while the turmoil in the Middle East raises questions about the prospects of these markets.

    https://jamestown.org/program/turkey-turkmenistan-ties-flourish-in-economic-realm/
  • Turkey, Turkmenistan agree to trade in national currencies

    Turkey, Turkmenistan agree to trade in national currencies

    TurkmenistanManat + TurkeyLiraTurkey and Turkmenistan have agreed to use their national currencies in their bilateral commercial deals, Turkey’s economy minister said Monday.

    Speaking in a meeting of the Turkish-Turkmen Inter-governments Joint Economic Committee, Zafer Caglayan said the use of national currencies would begin once central banks of the two countries made necessary arrangements.

    Caglayan said Turkey was pleased with Turkmen government’s attitude towards Turkish construction companies which he said had won 90 per cent of government tenders in construction projects.

    Caglayan said Turkish contractors had carried out construction projects worth of 3.2bn dollars in Turkmenistan, adding that Turkey was also willing to help Turkmenistan transport its vast natural resources to Europe.

    Anatolia news agency, 30 Jan 12