Category: Business

  • Ex-top banker sees “moral disaster” in market

    Ex-top banker sees “moral disaster” in market

    Ken Kosta(Reuters) – A former top banker, weighing into a protest movement in Britain against abuses and excesses of modern capitalism, said on Sunday the market economy had lost “its moral foundations with disastrous consequences.”

    Ken Costa, a former chairman of UBS Europe and Lazard International, spoke out after being appointed by Bishop of London Richard Chartres to lead an initiative aimed at “reconnecting the financial with the ethical.”

    Britain has become preoccupied with the ethics of elite financiers since a group of protesters, unhappy at the excesses of modern capitalism and its huge inequalities in wealth, pitched tents outside St Paul’s Cathedral in London last month.

    The controversy brought to a head by the St Paul’s protest has elicited comments from Prime Minister David Cameron and the head of the Church of England, the Archbishop of Canterbury Rowan Williams, raising questions about regulation, including a financial transaction tax.

    Writing in the Sunday Telegraph, Costa said he would look at “how the market has managed to slip its moral moorings.

    “For some time and particularly during the exuberant irrationality of the last few decades, the market economy has shifted from its moral foundations with disastrous consequences,” he said.

    While still regarding financial incentives as “both valid and effective,” he said there was a need to “rebalance the equilibrium between risk, responsibility and reward.”

    The St Paul’s demonstration replicates others worldwide, but has spotlighted not only banker bonuses and directors’ pay but also relations between politicians, financiers and the Church and the role they should play in society.

    On Sunday, leader of the opposition David Miliband entered the fray, writing in the Observer: “You do not have to be in a tent to feel angry.

    “Many of those who earn the most, exercise great power, enjoy enormous privilege — in the City and elsewhere — do so with values that are out of kilter with almost everyone else,” Miliband said.

    “Only the most reckless will ignore or, still worse, dismiss the danger signals.” He said corporate bosses should have to justify their rewards to an employee who sits on a committee deciding salary packages.

    The Archbishop of York John Sentamu, the second most senior cleric in the Church of England, wrote in a regional newspaper over the weekend: “The ill effects of very large income differences between rich and poor are that they weaken community life and make societies less cohesive.”

    A new survey showed that Britain’s top company directors received a 50 percent average pay rise while the majority of Britons are having to endure a pay freeze during a period of austerity imposed by the government to reduce high debt.

    Reuters

  • Turkey to begin manufacturing national helicopter within next 5 years

    Turkey to begin manufacturing national helicopter within next 5 years

    Turkey plans to begin manufacturing its own national military helicopter within the next five years, the country’s defense minister has said.

    ismet yilmaz defense minister

    Defense Minister İsmet Yılmaz submitted his ministry’s budget for 2012 to the parliamentary planning and budget commission on Friday. Speaking during the commission meeting, Yılmaz said Turkey aims to meet domestic demand as well as that of other countries in the region with the new helicopter manufacturing plans.

    Yılmaz said Turkey would also begin to design and develop warplanes and training aircraft. Turkey would also design air defense systems and begin production within next five years, he added.

    The size of the world helicopter market is currently estimated at $20 billion. The volume of Turkey’s defense industry is about $2.7 billion. It is estimated that Turkey’s defense industry exports will multiply several fold with the domestic production of military helicopters.

    The total worth of various defense projects Turkey is currently undertaking is about $10 billion. Some $7 billion of this is allocated to the military’s helicopter project. In the latest purchase of this kind, Turkey bought 109 helicopters from the US-based Sikorsky company for $3.5 billion.

    Turkey is co-producing helicopters with Italy in a joint project called ATAK, but Turkey’s dependence on foreign technology remains unchanged when acquiring new helicopters. ATAK, military officials said, has contributed significantly to Turkey’s growing technical knowhow, which will be crucial for the national helicopter project.

    Defense Minister Yılmaz said tenders on clearing land mines from the country’s border with Syria will be held in 2012, adding that the ministry aims to clear border territories off mines by the end of 2016.

    via Turkey to begin manufacturing national helicopter within next 5 years.

  • Turkey may become major sukuk source for Gulf investors

    Turkey may become major sukuk source for Gulf investors

    Turkey may become major sukuk source for Gulf investors

    Friday, 04 November 2011

    Turkey which has not seriously underperformed the Gulf credit, has also a positive outlooks from the rating agencies, and this make it a potential source for Sukuk market for the Arab Gulf. (File Photo)

    By Shaheen Pasha and Rachna Uppal
    Reuters Dubai

    Strong demand for a sukuk issued by Turkish bank Kuveyt Turk last month underlines how Turkey may become a major source of Islamic bonds for Gulf investors who are keen to diversify geographically.

    The $350 million sukuk, issued at par and carrying a profit rate of 5.875 percent, was only the second sukuk issued from Turkey. But it attracted orders totaling over $550 million ̶ and Gulf investors accounted for nearly 70 percent of final subscribers, according to data released by the lead arrangers.

    That may presage an important shift in investor interest. Traditionally, Gulf investors have not focused on bonds from Turkey, instead preferring debt from names in the immediate region with which they are most familiar and comfortable.

    Now, however, the relatively comfortable way in which Turkey’s economy is coping with global weakness ̶ combined with strong appetite for sukuk in general, since they have proved less volatile during this year’s market instability than conventional bonds ̶ may be changing Gulf investors’ priorities.

    “Turkish government USD paper and bank paper have been in issuance for a number of years now, but have not been a focus of MENA market players as there have been plenty of more locally- issued and better-understood names out there,” said Mark Watts, head of fixed income at National Bank of Abu Dhabi.

    “There are signs that this is changing as the ever-present hunt for yield forces investors to widen their horizons. Sukuk from Turkey is a relatively new phenomena for GCC investors… Turkey’s performance dynamics mean that any smart fund manager will want to take a look at gaining exposure.”

    Stability

    Sentiment towards Turkish debt, like that towards other countries, has been hit by jitters over the European debt crisis; five-year Turkish sovereign credit default swaps surged to 251 basis points, 30 points wider on the day, in response to news on Monday that Greece would call a referendum on its bailout.

    But Turkey, which is rated BB, Ba2 and BB+ by the three major rating agencies, slightly below investment grade, with positive outlooks from all of them, has not seriously underperformed Gulf credits. Its CDS are tighter than unrated Dubai and BBB-rated Bahrain, though wider than AA-rated Abu Dhabi and Qatar.

    Also, the profile of sukuk investors favors a hold-to-maturity investment which makes secondary market trading of Islamic bonds less liquid, but also less volatile. This has helped sukuk in general perform better than many conventional bonds in recent months.

    The yield on the first Turkish sukuk, a $100 million, three-year bond issued in 2010 by Kuveyt Turk , an affiliate of Kuwait Finance House , is down about 55 bps since end-2010 and up only 20 bps since the start of September, when the Greek crisis began worsening further. This is probably because there is minimal trading in the bond — but it still underlines how sukuk, with their more conservative investor base, are less vulnerable to wide price swings.

    By contrast, the yield on Turkey’s 7 percent, $1.5 billion conventional sovereign bond, issued in 2008 and maturing in March 2019, is up about 4 bps this year and 30 bps higher than its level at the start of September.

    “The pricing in the (conventional) bond market is difficult. There is liquidity around in the sukuk market, so there might be better pricing,” said Debashis Dey, partner at law firm Clifford Chance in Dubai.

    A further attraction of Turkish sukuk is that legislative changes by Turkey this year have created a relatively favorable environment for Islamic debt issuance ̶ in some important ways, more favorable than the environment in the Gulf.

    For example, last month’s sukuk from Kuveyt Turk was able to combine asset-backed elements, including the sale and transfer of tangible real estate to an onshore special purpose vehicle, with asset-based elements; this increased the perceived safety of the bond for investors. In the Gulf, factors such as high land transfer fees make asset-backed deals more expensive and difficult.

    Outlook

    Turkey’s Bank Asya has completed roadshows for a potential five-year sukuk of up to $300 million, and one United Arab Emirates-based trader said there was “decent” interest from Gulf accounts in a deal. The trader said any issue was likely to come after the Eid al-Adha holidays in the region next week. Asya has mandated Citi and UBS for the deal.

    Another bank, Albaraka Turk , has awarded a mandate for a sukuk of around $200 million which it wants to issue before year-end, its general manager Fahrettin Yahsi told Reuters in September.

    For Turkey to become a major issuer of sukuk, however, it will have to move beyond bank issues of sukuk to issues by a wide range of companies. This may prove difficult, at least in the short term with the global economy so weak; the International Monetary Fund expects Turkey’s economic growth to slow to 2.5 percent next year from 7.5 percent this year.

    “We have recently almost exclusively seen Turkish financial institutions come to market to raise funds, either through conventional or Islamic paper,” said Rizwan Kanji, debt capital markets partner at law firm King & Spalding, who advised on the Kuveyt Turk sukuk.

    “One primary reason may be because the Turkish banking sector is highly regulated and supervised and therefore faring relatively better than other non-financial sector-related industries in Turkey.”

    Another big question is whether the Turkish government will issue a sovereign sukuk, which could give a big boost to the market by providing a benchmark off which other Turkish Islamic debt could price.

    “It’s time for the Turkish government to issue a sovereign sukuk as a starter and that will hopefully be followed by other institutions and banks,” said Mohieddine Kronfol, chief investment officer at Franklin Templeton Investments in Dubai.

    “Certainly if that happens it will be very good for Turkey and very good for the Islamic banking industry.”

    A sovereign sukuk may be a step the country is not yet ready to take, however. Prime Minister Tayyip Erdogan’s ruling AK Party, a socially conservative but economically liberal party with roots in political Islam, might well favour such an issue, and the government has previously indicated it could issue a sukuk to diversify its funding options.

    But issues such as pricing and Turkey’s desire to satisfy appetite for its conventional debt may continue to delay a sovereign sukuk. Also, a need to accommodate secular sentiment ̶ because of Turkey’s secular tradition, Islamic banks are referred to in the country as “participation banks” ̶ means the government may wait a while.

    “I think the fact that they are a secular nation and they made an effort to leave religion out of financial factors has been a contributing factor” to the lack of a sovereign sukuk so far, Kronfol said.

    “But it doesn’t make sense, especially since you have countries like Luxembourg and France issuing guidelines to issue sukuk.”

    Legislation for a Turkish sovereign sukuk is in place but there has been no clear signal from the government on its intentions for the past couple of years. The Treasury’s new financing programme for 2012 includes the sentence, “Depending on market conditions, new external or domestic debt instruments may be issued.”

  • Turkey: Islamic Banking Making Inroads

    Turkey: Islamic Banking Making Inroads

    Justin Vela, Eurasianet.org | Nov. 4, 2011, 11:49 AM | 262 |

    istanbul turkey

    istanbul turkey

    Image: By GothPhil on flickr

    Justin Vela

    Justin Vela is a freelance reporter based in Istanbul.

    Amid Turkey’s turn away from strict secularism, Islamic banking practices in the country are gaining currency.

    But they still face significant obstacles as they strive to enter the financial mainstream.

    Turkey at present has four Islamic banks — three that are partially owned by companies based in the Persian Gulf — which accounted for 5 percent of Turkey’s 1-trillion-lira ($559 billion) banking sector in late 2010, according to data from the Participation Banks’ Association of Turkey, a lobbyist group for Islamic banks.

    The banks are known as “participation banks,” since, in keeping with Islamic tenets, depositors and borrowers share the risk of financial transactions with the banks themselves.

    Interest is not charged. Clients are mostly pious entrepreneurs from the central region of Anatolia, especially in cities such as Gaziantep, Konya, and Kayseri.

    The area is home to several companies that have become known as “Anatolian Tigers” for their rapid growth.

    Until sharia-compliant banking was introduced to Turkey in the 1980s, many such individuals kept their money “under the mattress,” both because of mistrust of traditional banking, and their desire to avoid breaking religious tenets regarding the payment of interest, said Osman Akyuz, secretary-general of the Participation Banks’ Association of Turkey. No longer.

    While still tiny, Islamic banks’ share of Turkey’s banking market is nearly twice as large as it was in 2005, when consumer wariness of such banks was stronger.

    In a September report, the international ratings agency Standard & Poor’s said that Islamic banking in Turkey is set for further growth, particularly if the country cultivates stronger ties with wealthy Gulf states.

    Turkey’s booming real estate sector accounts for the bulk of Islamic banking activity, but the banks also provide working capital and equipment to companies involved in construction, trade and industry, three of the country’s strongest economic sectors.

    To encourage the development of Islamic banks, Turkey’s governing Islamist-rooted Justice and Development Party (AKP) has granted them tax-neutral status. At the beginning of the year, an index of sharia-compliant companies also was listed on the Istanbul Stock Exchange.

    As some financial experts see it, the growth rate in Islamic banks hasn’t matched expectations, taking into account the AKP’s prolonged tenure in power. One Islamic finance expert cautions that the sector’s growth, in fact, has been “very sluggish.”

    “[T]he AKP has 50-percent popularity and Islamic banking is 4 to 5 percent of the banking sector,” noted Mehmet Asutay, the director of a postgraduate program in Islamic finance at Durham University in the United Kingdom. While Turkey’s overall banking index has gained 19 percent since August, sharia-compliant Bank Asya and Albaraka Turk gained only 12 percent and 4.9 percent, respectively, Bloomberg reported in September.

    Investors reportedly are concerned that Turkey’s slowing pace of economic growth will hurt the banks’ ability to turn a profit on its lending. That becomes even more critical for Islamic banks since they do not charge interest, and share the profit and loss risks of their customers.

    Other obstacles could hinder growth possibilities. First and foremost are Turkey’s 50-some conventional banks, which hold a large share of the country’s private-sector assets. Drawing customers’ attention away from these banks has been a problem, specialists say, since Islamic banks suffer from a lack of qualified personnel to smooth the transition from conventional banking.

    Akyuz concedes that the expansion has been lackluster. “Presently, four Islamic banks [are] not enough for Turkey,” he asserted. “It should be six to seven at [this] stage.”

    But that involves convincing the country’s banking officials of the need. While in the past, Islamic banks were not included under Turkish banking law, they now are subject to the same rules. Amid concerns about the Turkish lira’s strength, the Central Bank is in no hurry to authorize the opening of more banks, sharia-compliant or otherwise.

    Ilham Mehraliyev, a specialist in Islamic finance in Turkey at DinarStandard, a research firm specializing in Muslim markets, believes Islamic banks retain growth potential. But they will have to choose their spots carefully, manage growth prudently and address their “lack of qualified human resources,” he said. If all goes well, expansion into foreign financial markets eventually may become “within [their] capacity.” The Turkish owned Bank Asya is already an investor in Tamweel Holding, a company that provides Islamic banking services in several African countries.

    In the meantime, Akyuz, the Islamic banking advocate, maintains that there are no competitive tensions between Turkey’s traditional financial institutions and Islamic banks. “In the last 25 years, we have reached a consensus,” he said. “The only difference is in the methods of collecting money, and loaning money.”

    This post originally appeared at Eurasianet.org.

    via Turkey: Islamic Banking Making Inroads.

  • Turkish Central Bank Appoints Islamic Economist, Credit Expert to Board

    Turkish Central Bank Appoints Islamic Economist, Credit Expert to Board

    Turkey’s central bank elected credit expert Ahmet Faruk Aysan and Sabri Orman, a specialist in Islamic economics, as members to the bank’s board, in a meeting held yesterday.

    Aysan and Orman filled two empty seats on the board, the central bank in Ankara said in an e-mailed statement today. The board is composed of the governor and six members and makes decisions on monetary policy and sets forth regulations, according to the bank’s website.

    Orman has served as the rector of Istanbul Commerce University, the central bank said. He was a research scholar at the London School of Economics and worked at the International Islamic University and the Islamic Thought and Civilization University in Malaysia, it said. He has published papers and contributions on the origins of Islamic economic thought, Ottoman economic thought and the economic principles of Islamic theologian and jurist Abu Hamid al-Ghazali, according to a biography on the Istanbul university’s website. Published works include “Money, Interest and Islam” (the Foundation for Islamic Research, 1987.)

    Aysan has a doctorate from the University of Maryland College Park, the bank said. He was previously an adviser to the World Bank, the central bank and works as a lecturer at Istanbul’s Bosporus University, it said. Aysan has published work on the credit markets in Turkey. He has also written about determinants of Turkish exports, interbank funds, non-price competition in credit cards, and net interest rate margins during the global crisis.

    To contact the reporter on this story: Selcuk Gokoluk in Istanbul at sgokoluk@bloomberg.net

    To contact the editor responsible for this story: Gavin Serkin at gserkin@bloomberg.net

    via Turkish Central Bank Appoints Islamic Economist, Credit Expert to Board – Bloomberg.

  • How the Rise of Islamic Banking is Changing Turkey

    How the Rise of Islamic Banking is Changing Turkey

    Islamic banks do not charge interest, and share the profit and loss risks of their customers. What that means for their success and for Turkey.

    baking nov3 p

    People withdraw Turkish Liras from automatic teller machines in Istanbul / Reuters

    Amid Turkey’s turn away from strict secularism, Islamic banking practices in the country are gaining currency. But they still face significant obstacles as they strive to enter the financial mainstream.

    Turkey at present has four Islamic banks — three that are partially owned by companies based in the Persian Gulf — which accounted for 5 percent of Turkey’s 1-trillion-lira ($559 billion) banking sector in late 2010, according to data from the Participation Banks’ Association of Turkey, a lobbyist group for Islamic banks.

    The banks are known as “participation banks,” since, in keeping with Islamic tenets, depositors and borrowers share the risk of financial transactions with the banks themselves. Interest is not charged. Clients are mostly pious entrepreneurs from the central region of Anatolia, especially in cities such as Gaziantep, Konya, and Kayseri. The area is home to several companies that have become known as “Anatolian Tigers” for their rapid growth.

    Until sharia-compliant banking was introduced to Turkey in the 1980s, many such individuals kept their money “under the mattress,” both because of mistrust of traditional banking, and their desire to avoid breaking religious tenets regarding the payment of interest, said Osman Akyuz, secretary-general of the Participation Banks’ Association of Turkey. No longer. While still tiny, Islamic banks’ share of Turkey’s banking market is nearly twice as large as it was in 2005, when consumer wariness of such banks was stronger. In a September report, the international ratings agency Standard & Poor’s said that Islamic banking in Turkey is set for further growth, particularly if the country cultivates stronger ties with wealthy Gulf states.

    Turkey’s booming real estate sector accounts for the bulk of Islamic banking activity, but the banks also provide working capital and equipment to companies involved in construction, trade and industry, three of the country’s strongest economic sectors. To encourage the development of Islamic banks, Turkey’s governing Islamist-rooted Justice and Development Party (AKP) has granted them tax-neutral status. At the beginning of the year, an index of sharia-compliant companies also was listed on the Istanbul Stock Exchange.

    As some financial experts see it, the growth rate in Islamic banks hasn’t matched expectations, taking into account the AKP’s prolonged tenure in power. One Islamic finance expert cautions that the sector’s growth, in fact, has been “very sluggish.”

    “[T]he AKP has 50-percent popularity and Islamic banking is 4 to 5 percent of the banking sector,” noted Mehmet Asutay, the director of a postgraduate program in Islamic finance at Durham University in the United Kingdom. While Turkey’s overall banking index has gained 19 percent since August, sharia-compliant Bank Asya and Albaraka Turk gained only 12 percent and 4.9 percent, respectively, Bloomberg reported in September.

    Investors reportedly are concerned that Turkey’s slowing pace of economic growth will hurt the banks’ ability to turn a profit on its lending. That becomes even more critical for Islamic banks since they do not charge interest, and share the profit and loss risks of their customers.

    Other obstacles could hinder growth possibilities. First and foremost are Turkey’s 50-some conventional banks, which hold a large share of the country’s private-sector assets. Drawing customers’ attention away from these banks has been a problem, specialists say, since Islamic banks suffer from a lack of qualified personnel to smooth the transition from conventional banking.

    Akyuz concedes that the expansion has been lackluster. “Presently, four Islamic banks [are] not enough for Turkey,” he asserted. “It should be six to seven at [this] stage.”

    But that involves convincing the country’s banking officials of the need. While in the past, Islamic banks were not included under Turkish banking law, they now are subject to the same rules. Amid concerns about the Turkish lira’s strength, the Central Bank is in no hurry to authorize the opening of more banks, sharia-compliant or otherwise.

    Ilham Mehraliyev, a specialist in Islamic finance in Turkey at DinarStandard, a research firm specializing in Muslim markets, believes Islamic banks retain growth potential. But they will have to choose their spots carefully, manage growth prudently and address their “lack of qualified human resources,” he said. If all goes well, expansion into foreign financial markets eventually may become “within [their] capacity.” The Turkish owned Bank Asya is already an investor in Tamweel Holding, a company that provides Islamic banking services in several African countries.

    In the meantime, Akyuz, the Islamic banking advocate, maintains that there are no competitive tensions between Turkey’s traditional financial institutions and Islamic banks. “In the last 25 years, we have reached a consensus,” he said. “The only difference is in the methods of collecting money, and loaning money.”

    This article originally appeared at Eurasianet.org, an Atlantic partner site.

    via How the Rise of Islamic Banking is Changing Turkey – Justin Vela – International – The Atlantic.