Category: Armenian Question

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  • FOI release: the Armenian massacres and UK policy

    FOI release: the Armenian massacres and UK policy

    GOV.UK From: Foreign & Commonwealth Office First published: 30 September 2014

    Documents relating to the Armenian massacres and UK government policy.

    Documents

    thumbnail FOI ref 0298 14 Armenian massacres.pdf

    Armenian massacres

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    Armenian massacres attachment 01

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    Armenian Massacres attachment 11

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    Armenian Massacres attachment 12

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    Armenian Massacres attachment 14

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    Armenian Massacres attachment 15

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    Armenian Massacres attachment 17

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    Armenian massacres attachment 31

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    Armenian massacres attachment 45

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    Armenian massacres attachment 46

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    Armenian massacres attachment 47

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    Armenian massacres attachment 48

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    Detail

    FOI ref 0298-14 gives links to information already in the public domain on the Armenian massacres and UK policy in respect of the massacres. It releases 54 documents that have been redacted under section 27 (international relations), section 28 (relations within the UK) , section 35 (formulation of government policy) and, section 41 (information provided in confidence) Published: 30 September 2014 From: Foreign & Commonwealth Office

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  • Thomas de Waal’s Futile Attempt at Trivializing the Armenian Genocide

    Thomas de Waal’s Futile Attempt at Trivializing the Armenian Genocide

    khoghe-mtnes

     

    BY SETO BOYADJIAN, ESQ.

    “A half-truth is a whole lie” – Yiddish proverb

    Thomas de Waal is a Senior Associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. He has penned an article, “The G-Word – The Armenian Massacre and the Politics of Genocide,” that will appear in the upcoming January-February 2015 issue of Foreign Affairs. This article is the precursor of his forthcoming book, “Great Catastrophe: Armenians and Turks in the Shadow of Genocide.” Given the timing of the publication of this article and the book, it is obvious that Mr. de Waal opens the first salvo of Turkish denialism against the centennial of the Armenian Genocide.

    Mr. de Waal is an analyst who has repeatedly focused on Armenian-Azerbaijani relations over the issue of the independent Republic of Nagorno Karabakh and on Armenian-Turkish relations over the issue of the Armenian Genocide. But he has a peculiar way of showing integrity in his approach to these two fundamental issues.

    It is peculiar because, as an “expert” in conflict resolution, Mr. de Waal utilizes the old gimmick of double standard. On the issue of Nagorno Karabakh, he is an ardent proponent of changing the status quo – in favor of Azerbaijan and against Armenia. On the issue of the Armenian Genocide, he is an avid defender of maintaining the status quo – in favor of Turkey and against Armenia. As it is obvious, for Mr. de Waal the concept of justice is a variable in his approach to conflict resolution, depending on the identity of the party to the conflict.

    Given his biased reputation on issues involving Armenia and Armenians, Mr. de Waal’s article did not strike any intellectual surprises on the side of justice and truth in conflict resolutions. Through this article, his entire endeavor amounts to a futile attempt at trivializing the Armenian Genocide in order to reach his proposed conclusion that it is time for Armenians to “bury their grandparents and receive an acknowledgment from the Turkish state of the terrible fate they suffered.”

    We should look beyond this insulting “advice” and, instead, focus on the facts Mr. de Waal advances in support of his conclusion. We must bear in mind that his attempt is to transform the Armenian Genocide into a non-existing issue.

    First, he claims that Armenians “discovered” Genocide in 1960s. According to Mr. De Waal, for decades the “event of the Great Catastrophe” were “more a matter of private grief than public record;” that they spent more effort “fighting the Soviet Union rather than Turkey;” and that only in the 1960s did they “seriously revive” the massacres “as a public political issue” by being inspired from the “Holocaust consciousness.”

    In making these blatant statements Mr. de Waal conveniently overlooks the facts that as of the beginning of 1920s Armenians expressed their collective consciousness of the Catastrophe and voiced their claims for reparations. It is true that they did not refer to it as Genocide, as they could not, because that term came into existence in 1944, when Polish jurist Raphael Lemkin coined it based on the Ottoman massacres of Armenians. Until that time, Armenians presented themselves to the world and to Turkey as claimants of their national heritage destroyed by Ottoman Turkey and of their national homeland occupied by Turkey. As the world turned a blind eye on Armenian demands for justice, in the 1920s they organized their own “Nuremberg trials” by punishing the chief organizers and perpetrators of the Armenian massacres – namely, Talaat pasha, Enver pasha, Jemal Azmi, Behaeddin Shakir, Jivanshi Bey, and so on… At the same time, Armenians established the Delegation of the Republic of Armenia to officially pursue their claims for territorial and economic reparations from Turkey.

    Contrary to Mr. de Waal’s claims, Armenians actively pursued their claims for justice since the 1920s; at the same time they remembered their grandparents and they will do so forever.

    Second, Mr. de Waal displays his irritation over the use of the word “Genocide” in reference to the Armenian massacres. He credits Raphael Lemkin for inventing that terminology and lobbying the United Nations for the adoption of the 1948 Genocide Convention. However, he attempts to discredit Lemkin as a “problematic personality;” he criticizes the ambiguity of the Genocide Convention; and he deplores the exploitation of the word Genocide. With that he arrives at the notion that “The Armenian Diaspora saw the word as a perfect fit to describe what happened” to them, thereby helping “activate a new political movement…”

    Mr. de Waal ignores the fact that even back in 1944, when Raphael Lemkin coined the term Genocide he invoked the Armenian case as a definitive example of Genocide in the 20th century. Lemkin described the crime of Genocide as the “systematic destruction of a whole national, racial or religious groups. The sort of thing that Hitler did to the Jews and the Turks did to the Armenians.”

    Mr. de Waal also ignores the records that the United Nations enacted on December 11, 1946, its first resolution on Genocide, known as UN General Assembly Resolution 95(1). Thereafter, on December 9, 1948, it adopted the UN Genocide Convention. Both the resolution and the convention recognized the Armenian Genocide as the type of crime the United Nations intended to prevent by codifying the existing customary international rules and standards. Again, in 1948, the UN War Crimes Commission invoked the Armenian Genocide as being “precisely . . . one of the types of acts which the modern term ‘crimes against humanity’ is intended to cover as a precedent for the Nuremberg tribunals.” Thereafter, in 1985, the UN Commission on Human Rights report, entitled ‘Study of the Question of the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide,’ invoked the Armenian massacres as an example of genocide. In the report, the UN commission stated, “The Nazi aberration has unfortunately not been the only case of genocide in the twentieth century. Among other examples, which can be cited as qualifying, are . . . the Ottoman massacre of Armenians in 1915-1916.”

    As the official records stand, the Armenians did not see the word Genocide “as a perfect fit,” it was the United Nations who, on behalf of the world governments, established and declared through its resolutions and the Genocide Convention that genocidal acts of Ottoman Turkey against Armenians and of Nazi Germany against Jews are Genocide.

    Third, according to Mr. de Waal, even if the word Genocide is granted to the Armenian massacres, the U.N. Genocide Convention does not have retroactive applicability. He claims, without identifying them that “Most international legal opinions are clear that the UN Genocide Convention carries no retroactive force and therefore could not be invoked to bring claims on dispossessed property.”

    Again, Mr. de Waal makes blanket statements without any substantiation in fact or in law. And once again, he conveniently ignores the record, the law and the facts. The provisions of the Genocide Convention carry ex post facto applicability. They are indeed enforceable retroactively based on the following points:

    1. The dual vocation of the Genocide Convention in preventing and punishing the perpetrator of the crime of Genocide provides the necessary basis for its retroactivity;

    2. The retribution mandated by the Genocide Convention makes it retroactive, because, besides being condemned and punished for the crime of Genocide, the perpetrator of the crime is also not to be allowed to keep the fruits of the crime;

    3. The Genocide Convention is declaratory of a pre-existing internationally recognized wrongful act, thereby giving rise to both state responsibility and individual penal liability. As such, the convention is not creating a new criminal law.

    4. To provide solid legal grounds to the foregoing points, on November 26, 1968 the UN adopted the Convention on the Non-Applicability of the Statutory Limitation on War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity. This convention eliminated any time bar on the crime of genocide. Thus, the provisions of the Genocide Convention are applicable to any crime of genocide, irrespective of the time of its commission.

    Mr. de Waal makes many other unsubstantiated statements in his attempt at trivializing the Armenian Genocide. He twists facts, to serve his purpose, as if to confirm Mark Twain’s observation to “get your facts first, then you can distort them as you please.”

    In the final analysis, Mr. de Waal’s entire attempt is based on uttering half-truths. And as the wise Yiddish proverb asserts, “A half-truth is a whole lie.”

  • Letter to Harut Sassounian (California Courier)

    Letter to Harut Sassounian (California Courier)

    Dear Mr. Sassounian!

    Re: Your article “Turkish Parliament will hide the truth should it block the Genocide Resolution”

    You are spitting blood again, and, at this for the christian world spiritually magical time of “advent” (awaiting). You disappointed me once again, as I was expecting your heart to soften a bit in the seasonal spirit of christmas.

    Amazing that you have hidden the truth about Sebahat Tuncel’s identity and other PKK activists supporting the so called “Armenian Cause”. In effect, what these characters are doing is not only damaging the peace process within Turkey but also damaging the “Kurdish Cause” directly by diverting attention. My own Kurdish friends are very much aware of this game.

    You rightly say; that you expect Turkish Parliament to ignore this nonsense! How right you are! No “Amen” at the end of a wrong prayer Mr. Sassounian. You are wasting your time, and don’t forget; your life is made of time, so time is very precious indeed.

    Your biggest lie in this article is your ridiculous claim with regards to what ever Bolivia did!
    “… achieved on its own merits and without any Armenian Lobbying efforts..”. Laughable, really.

    You also continue to propagate the lie about Millions of Armenians dead. I think you are counting all the dead of the Ottoman Empire in the I.WW! Just imagine; how many mass graves would be required to burry 1,0 Million dead (in the past, you also claimed 1,5 Million).

    Regardless of your own evil thoughts, I will not allow this opportunity to pass by without me wishing all Armenians and christian friends a merry christmas and a peaceful future. Peace amongst nations, peace amongst communities, families and friends begins in the heart, but only if your heart is full of love and not hatred.

    Küfi Seydali

    KUFI BEY

     

  • Letter to Harut Sassounian, “Countries selling weapons..”

    Letter to Harut Sassounian, “Countries selling weapons..”

    Dear Mr. Sassounian!

    Having read your most recent article “Countries selling weapons to Azerbaijan are just as guilty for attacks on Artsakh = Karabag”, I must say that your leading article is simply an unworthy attack on Azerbaijan. Your article, Sir, not written with a journalistic style but with the genetic lines of a propaganda Minister of a country at war, is, slowly but surely killing off your credibility.

    You are forgetting, of course, who is the aggressor and occupier of land belonging to Azerbaijan! Just to refresh your memory:

    “ … By the end of the war in 1994, the Armenians were in full control of most of the enclave and also held and currently control approximately 9% of Azerbaijan’s territory outside the enclave. As many as 230,000 Armenians from Azerbaijan and 800,000 Azeris from Armenia and Karabakh have been displaced as a result of the conflict. A Russian-brokered ceasefire was signed in May 1994 and peace talks, mediated by the OSCE Minsk Group, have been held ever since by Armenia and Azerbaijan.”

    Current Situation:

    “In the years since the end of the war, a number of organizations have passed resolutions regarding the conflict. On 25 January 2005, for example, PACE adopted a controversial non-binding resolution, Resolution 1416, which criticized the “large-scale ethnic expulsion and the creation of mono-ethnic areas” and declared that Armenian forces were occupying Azerbaijan lands.[187][188] On 14 May 2008 thirty-nine countries from the United Nations General Assembly adopted Resolution 62/243 which called for “the immediate, complete and unconditional withdrawal of all Armenian forces from all occupied territories of the Republic of Azerbaijan.” Almost one hundred countries, however, abstained from voting while seven countries, including the three co-chairs of the Minsk Group, Russia, the United States, and France, voted against it.” ).

    These are the facts Mr. Sassounian. Furthermore, don’t forget that; you are the master of your evil thoughts, the moulder of your character, and the shaper of your condition, environment and destiny. An ignoble and bestial character is the result of the continued harboring of gravelling thoughts.

    Your call for retaliation, revenge and disproportionate use of force shows what a sick character you are! You , Mr. Sassounian, sitting in the comfort of California have no idea of life in poor Armenia, and what it means to make war and suffer the destruction as such! There are no winners in a war, only loosers. The only winners are the ones (Israel, Russia) supplying the expensive weapons. Wake up Mr. Sassounian and rid yourself from your evil thoughts. As soon as you have done that, and your thoughts become healthy and beneficial to all man kind, joy will soon follow you as surely as your shadow follows you on a sunny day.

    Regards

    Küfi Seydali

  • Turkey needs post-2015 strategy on Armenian genocide claims, says Turkish diplomat

    Turkey needs post-2015 strategy on Armenian genocide claims, says Turkish diplomat

    Armenian institutions are working hard as 2015 approaches, says Cengizer. HÜRRİYET Photo / Emre YUNUSOĞLU

    Armenian institutions have engaged in a campaign to blame Turkey on the centenary of 1915 Armenian killings, and Turkey should have a strategy in the event that it fails to counter the claims, according to a senior Turkish diplomat.

    “I have just come back from Washington, and I saw the preparations there,” Ambassador Altay Cengizer, who currently holds the position of director-general for Policy Planning at the Turkish Foreign Ministry, told daily Hürriyet in a recent interview. “Their aim is to leave Turkey with a past it cannot deal with; that is why they are targeting 2015.”

    Cengizer has recently written a book, “Adil Hafızanın Işığında” (In the Light of Just Memory), which deals with the process that led to the Ottoman Empire joining World War I and the collapse of the empire, while trying to make a humanistic approach to the killing of hundreds of thousands of Armenian in 1915. Although he is an active diplomat, Cengizer notes that the book reflects his own views as a historian, not the ministry’s official stance.

    According to Cengizer, one of the worst scenarios for Ankara in 2015 is the recognition of what many around the term the Armenian genocide by the United States.

    “Turkey will do its best to tell what it believes is right against these claims that target its own identity,” said the diplomat. “But time will show how successful it will be. If we fail, there will be need to develop a post-2015 strategy, there is no other way.”

    Cengizer likened to situation to a penalty kick in football.

    “If I were an Armenian, I would have continued to say what I have been saying,” he said. “Because the 100th year is in a way a penalty shot. We challenge the shot, but they [Armenians] will take it. They see the 100th year as a penalty shot rewarded to them and they will try to convert it into a goal. Our biggest problem here is the belief that the Armenian explanation brings a moral superiority – which in fact is not the case.”

    In his book, Cengizer uses “Meds Yeghern,” an Armenian term meaning “great calamity” that is also used by United States President Barack Obama, to define the Armenian killings, and believes that wording is important.

    “Insisting on the term genocide stands in the way of getting to the humanitarian nature of the issue. Genocide is a political term, and Turkey does not deserve to be presented to the world as a nation that has committed genocide. How can a government that is about to commit genocide place Armenians in its most important ministers’ posts, such as Communications Minister Oskan Mardikyan?” he said.

    “The Holocaust was proven with over 15,000 pages of documents. They sent telegraphs even to Japan, saying ‘there are 15,000 Jewish people in Shanghai, detain them.’ When asked about documents, we are accused of being ‘document fetishists.’ Will they give us a silver or bronze medal in a game won by the Germans?” he said.

    According to Cengizer, the government “was forced by the circumstances” to deport the Armenians.
    “My thesis is to go to the humanitarian nature of the problems,” said the diplomat. “I accept what those poor Armenians went through. When one sees the photographs of those children, he sure thinks about those who led them to that suffering. But, as I prove in my book, Turkey did not deport the Armenians with joy and determination. The decision was taken with a major problem; there was no other way, unfortunately.”

    November/10/2014

    Hurriyet Daily News

      Kufi Seydali

     

  • Letter to Harut Sassounian

    Letter to Harut Sassounian

    Mr Sassounian!

    Re:  “Armenian – Jordan and Iran visits – against Turkey”

    The coincidental visits of the four Armenian leaders to Iran and Jordan “ sounds like bad joke! President Erdogan is definitely no friend of mine, but, he is really no match to you in nastiness! You break all records in lying, twisting, manipulating and torturing the truth. You behave and write just like Joseph Goebbels, Reich Minister of Propaganda in Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945.
    Your work is also not much different to that of Thomas Edward Lawrence of Arabia, who was also a master in cultivating animosity and hate against the Ottoman Turks (British Army officer renowned especially for his role in the Arab Revolt against Ottoman Turkish Rule of 1916– 1918).

    Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1968-101-20A, Joseph Goebbels.jpg   Joseph Goebbels (1933-1945)

    Te lawrence.jpg  Thomas edward Lawrence (1916-1918)

    Turkey is looking after more than 1,6 Million Syrians of all backgrounds, including your Armenian brothers who all fled from Assad’s terror machine.

    Nearly 200.000 Syrian Kurds also found refuge in Turkey.

    Let me remind you of a few facts on some of the issues you deliberately left out.:

    In the time (1915) you mention, Jordan was part of the Ottoman Empire, hence proof that Armenians were resettled within the Ottoman boundaries.

    How ungrateful not to mention how many citizens of Armenia have found work and refuge in the modern Turkish Republic (estimated 50.000 only in Istanbul).

    Once again, Mr. Sassounian, one can chose one’s friends, but not one’s neighbors and brothers. Armenians are sandwiched between Turkey and Azerbaijan. For you, may be, bad luck or even coincidental!

    Kufi Seydali