The Syrian revolution that suddenly appeared after the fall of the Tunisian and Libyan regimes has brought about a rooted change in Syrian internal politics and is considered the final result in formalise the region with new angles. The Syrian revolution ended the Baathist rule in Syria that lasted for more than 60 years with a change in the roles in the scenarios drawn for the region by changing the players in the political arena and updating the planning of the political arena. The Syrian revolution that began with popular protests against the dictator’s rule and then took on a military character by forming armed factions to fight the forces of bulling and ended with the fall of Bashar al-Assad’s rule.
The next stage of the Syrian political process imposes on it the requirements of the international strategy to form civil forces with a Syrian national identity away from sectarian and ethnic quotas, taking competence, professionalism, and nationalism as a support for the civil forces.
Reading the Syrian political process at the current stage from the perspective of the Syrian geographic strategy requires us to shed light on (geopolitics) that determines international political relations in economic, political and social aspects. Based on the theories of geostrategy that connect the relationship between land and politics, criteria appear on which the political process in Syria must be built, which confirm that the complete and effective political process is completed and its foundations are established after ending the presence of the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) in the east of the Euphrates because they constitute a fundamental obstacle to building the Syrian state and writing its balanced political equation in a manner consistent with the plans of the modern state to build international relations. The geographical area under the control of (SDF) constitutes a third of the Syrian territory and contains 90 percent of the internal energy in addition to constituting an important food basket for Syria. Therefore, Syria cannot be an integrated state by uprooting the eastern Euphrates from Syrian territory and abandoning it under the names of regions, self-administration, and so on so . However, the withdrawal of American forces from eastern Syria may create heavy negative repercussions that the (SDF) cannot bear them.
The Syrian revolution, which achieved its goals at a high price during its paths since 2011, has revealed the reality of people who struggled politically and militarily with test of the Syrian military and political currents.
This fruitful reality relates to the struggle of the Syrian Turkmen people to participate in documenting contemporary Syrian history.
Through the military operations led by Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham against bulling in and dictatorship, the Turkmen armed factions affiliated with Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham expressed their support for the military plans that resulted in the liberation of the Syrian provinces. In the context of talking about the military operations, it is necessary to point out the Turkmen armed factions:
1- Sultan Murad Division
2- Hamza Division
3- Sultan Muhammad al-Fatih Division
4- Al-Muntasir Brigade.
As for the political aspect of the Turkmen political movement. During the past decades of its rule, the Syrian regime contributed to the exclusion of Syrian Turkmen from all political fields and tried to prevent this ancient national component from forming parties, associations, or political and cultural institutions through which it could express its national presence, national and cultural identity, and demand its political rights. Therefore, the Syrian Turkmen found themselves without any political institutions that would express them and their aspirations at the beginning of the Syrian revolution. During this short period, the Syrian Turkmen were able to put their national imprint on political and revolutionary work by forming political parties and the Syrian Turkmen Council. They participated in all the institutions of the revolution, such as the National Coalition of Opposition Forces and the Syrian Interim Government, in addition to their active participation in the military revolutionary field. As the Syrian Turkmen, as an ancient national component of Syria, must have a political entitlement that allows the Turkmen political institutions to keep pace with the major political developments that the Syrian people are going through. Through my press interviews with Syrian Turkmen politicians, they confirmed that the Syrian Turkmen are committed to the unity of the Syrian territory, and they emphasize the necessity of having an active role in the future of this country and that they be enabled to obtain fair political representation that preserves their political rights with the rest of the people of the country. During the period of the outbreak of the Syrian revolution, the following Turkmen political movements were established:
1- The Syrian Turkmen Council
2- The Syrian Turkmen National Party
3- EL-NAHDA party
4- The Syrian Turkmen Bloc
The attractive attention in the Syrian Turkmen issue, which confirms its justice and the consolidation of the Syrian national identity in its essence, is the approval of the armed Turkmen factions to join the Syrian regular army within the structure of the Syrian Ministry of Defense. In this way, the Syrian Turkmen military force became part of the Syrian army.
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